exploration

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXhwbG9yYXRpb24&hash=24ea9114305b337de034d9c173b4d5f30c39750e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

continental drift

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udGluZW50YWwgZHJpZnQ&hash=aed45e72062f3a8abe25d578cb1972d6c92bbc9f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

reputation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVwdXRhdGlvbg&hash=fb1def6b5c1dd0eb3ed66126998c869ec63e07b3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

continental

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udGluZW50YWw&hash=0bf8d9b705cc382a8b2fa7dfedf168b5b914c582&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

displacement

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGlzcGxhY2VtZW50&hash=03a4be13c2c8ad09275fddc040c41774ea022182&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to propose

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHJvcG9zZQ&hash=43ab67ad488d5d56d92cb172905a40c48809242a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

extensively

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW5zaXZlbHk&hash=c8246d72e6abf06870186f90a238af52389d143a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

origin

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b3JpZ2lu&hash=0827d36f8cbb0c5fd378e73b89ed0a602d0b4916&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

controversy

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJvdmVyc3k&hash=10bc110dbe9b3b8704847994a3647a4de558f93a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

lifetime

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGlmZXRpbWU&hash=1cc8f406550dc11e04842a8ddbd8f125047e980f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to suppose

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc3VwcG9zZQ&hash=d22acc9dda251e3385b4afdfb20dd8c41c516293&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

laterally

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGF0ZXJhbGx5&hash=ad2e80662bd3d278b0c7beca9a634f85ce964dd7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

plausible

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGxhdXNpYmxl&hash=e84987ccdbad0a3db5e6869970e731dc20818f4b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

evidence

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXZpZGVuY2U&hash=d1719142af79369a5befe14b8e728ed22c577103&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Geology is the study of the Earth’s structure, materials, and processes. Geologists examine rocks, minerals, and landforms, and investigate how the Earth’s surface has changed over time due to forces like plate tectonics, erosion, and volcanic activity. Geology helps us understand natural disasters, locate resources like minerals and fossil fuels, and study Earth’s history and future.

What is "geology"?

geology

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VvbG9neQ&hash=0f2ffd20e795a4bcd61962b12a14968b49659c85&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

geophysics

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VvcGh5c2ljcw&hash=3ee70ac0d9fc548283951a680c9c1cd64cb7ac37&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

paleontology

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGFsZW9udG9sb2d5&hash=3a3cab16aa7ed6d86555ea114060d6915e9ee627&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Climatology is the study of long-term weather patterns and climate changes over extended periods of time. It involves analyzing atmospheric data and how various factors, such as geography and human activities, influence climate. Climatologists help predict future climate changes and provide crucial information for managing natural resources, addressing climate-related challenges, and preparing for extreme weather events.

What is "climatology"?

climatology

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2xpbWF0b2xvZ3k&hash=403d201f49212d68986a81a125660d841a923a5d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

namely

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bmFtZWx5&hash=dc1184fa751684033bc0ba9e18ddf195519eb7e9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

plate tectonics

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGxhdGUgdGVjdG9uaWNz&hash=bc7ae1a68b2ccf9439a594132f37527dddc55ebf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

respect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzcGVjdA&hash=ea21b49ab86be1b32eb93ac8d2c467257a2fbdad&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

proposal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJvcG9zYWw&hash=6ca2d002f31c20542214b3f2011300cbb111081e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

evolutionary

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXZvbHV0aW9uYXJ5&hash=41947217c3b19e0bfebd2a80704a95f5335310a2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

evolution

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXZvbHV0aW9u&hash=a55eaed5b50cf3bd0b94fa95e2ca3ae72a81b8b3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

natural selection

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bmF0dXJhbCBzZWxlY3Rpb24&hash=1da1015f4d3c27c617060ad3f222fc0cf6c64a3f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

intriguing

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW50cmlndWluZw&hash=4d5889706c9e39fd36d57cab28293466f94e9934&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to come up with

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29tZSB1cCB3aXRo&hash=f039ca56c0200e73896a0b334cd38eb27d79ab1c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

geologist

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VvbG9naXN0&hash=c5a3fe832c94d250c6034c4e0d1e8da0c4f2e84d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

astronomer

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXN0cm9ub21lcg&hash=8691c146fa011b1e6e19a347fa248888d213419f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to [pursue] a career

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHVyc3VlIGEgY2FyZWVy&hash=d863fcceda4571f5afd1eae047c8c6c362570a31&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

atmospheric

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXRtb3NwaGVyaWM&hash=4a4843208ccc7f5dc4c0ea57db5499d0cca45acb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

lecturer

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGVjdHVyZXI&hash=67bc5dbf35e80f5006950c2e1209367872533efa&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies like stars, planets, moons, and galaxies, as well as the phenomena that occur beyond Earth's atmosphere. It involves observing the universe to understand its origins, structure, and evolution. Astronomy not only helps us learn about the cosmos but also provides insights into the fundamental laws of physics and the potential for life beyond Earth.

What is "astronomy"?

astronomy

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXN0cm9ub215&hash=fa90e657bced88a06e0d95289830b9c103b21b7f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

aloft

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWxvZnQ&hash=b7101a2f8cda2498f0b91163bd354dd2ceade17a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

publicized

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHVibGljaXplZA&hash=38109dcf6c542f67a6dfedb68faecb38fac5155c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

expedition

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXhwZWRpdGlvbg&hash=507d3fe3f99bebf5ddcacc48010d13db563ac977&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The idiom "make a name for oneself" is believed to have originated in the early 19th century in the United States. The phrase was likely influenced by the idea of a family name or reputation, and the importance of building a good name for oneself through hard work and dedication. The phrase is often used to describe someone who has achieved success in a particular field, such as acting, music, or sports.

What is the origin of the idiom "make a name for oneself" and when to use it?

to [make] a name for {oneself}

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFrZSBhIG5hbWUgZm9yIG9uZXNlbGY&hash=90995a0313e5d8cfd8fd5a8ec120d7a14c00f7b4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

circle

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2lyY2xl&hash=b9c5673f36aa0febab0a4eaf21e5fca21d4a5a9e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A meteorologist is a scientist who studies the weather and atmospheric conditions. They analyze data from various sources, such as satellites and weather stations, to predict weather patterns and provide forecasts. Meteorologists explain how factors like temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure affect weather conditions. They often present weather reports on television, radio, or online, helping the public understand upcoming weather changes. Their work is essential for daily planning, especially in areas where weather conditions can significantly impact daily activities or safety.

Who is a "meteorologist"?

meteorologist

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWV0ZW9yb2xvZ2lzdA&hash=f29f7dabfc4ddee27670cd2f4740d0d118949dae&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

physicist

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGh5c2ljaXN0&hash=fd6d8b1e243b93d9e797bbf9fc55e06d726ad73f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

thermodynamics

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGhlcm1vZHluYW1pY3M&hash=07842dff883d316ae55149d296d6686047089364&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A scientific paper is a detailed report of original research or experimentation in a specific field of science. It typically includes sections such as an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references. Scientific papers present new findings, analyze data, and discuss their implications. They are usually published in scientific journals and are intended for researchers, scientists, and professionals in the field. The goal of a scientific paper is to share new knowledge, contribute to the scientific community, and advance understanding in the subject area.

What is a "scientific paper"?

scientific paper

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NpZW50aWZpYyBwYXBlcg&hash=5d7a3486ed28be9bdcf41744957dc4ccf8521cd5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

largely

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGFyZ2VseQ&hash=ea99cef711c2c9ef324af566d28d05819a02f145&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

sideline

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2lkZWxpbmU&hash=f1c0e814c48270203189e8ae696fee53341bdefd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

paleoclimatology

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGFsZW9jbGltYXRvbG9neQ&hash=7fd16549923b48ce7ef90d012e72f37636dd4e07&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to [be] at pains

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYmUgYXQgcGFpbnM&hash=438c835c7193ff6257061a45eb2bb183052d5aea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

extent

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW50&hash=69eda58ccdb700188ad8952f603e3246beb8b88f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

treatment

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJlYXRtZW50&hash=87023f3cd00301f467cca55bd2fb5b02addfd6c6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

detailed

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGV0YWlsZWQ&hash=0e3739553f7a5957c433cfec3d20029387967c79&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to devote

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGV2b3Rl&hash=7285cb9a1b0f8901a09cafce7bd68e229e312f86&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

reception

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVjZXB0aW9u&hash=acf86ed4ff079cb6cd348f3754ff7688348f64c5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

controversial

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJvdmVyc2lhbA&hash=392d5c6aa8a253d4962e8fed84826ef5cb82c1c3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to pursue

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHVyc3Vl&hash=50d412c78d73caa83c90d02c2e6730d584de536f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

line

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGluZQ&hash=979c4508025106f346bbdbd21e096b98eb1876b9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to pick up

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGljayB1cA&hash=c004c5cf9c183ecdb22ff2a9b3a4bc7a23070c10&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

guidepost

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z3VpZGVwb3N0&hash=2bc37820c3a73b65ef60a114ef75edbf80eb1163&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

rapidly

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmFwaWRseQ&hash=a5d2ff6bda3d05ad1b5e314c6c831a3b69763595&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

shifting

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2hpZnRpbmc&hash=3b89308b3e996270d63af1b7c654ce721395b4d6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to characterize

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY2hhcmFjdGVyaXpl&hash=31be3bb93b8abcd380f5ac02e9cd6ef6e387ef75&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to reflect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVmbGVjdA&hash=e3c2a16bb91066db50f069b2e837664530aaad5b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

descendant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVzY2VuZGFudA&hash=1ad58369dec706410d86b34ed0e3c37b1b46e095&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

An index is a list of key terms, subjects, or topics mentioned in a book, usually found at the end. It is organized alphabetically and provides page numbers where each item can be found within the text. The index helps readers quickly locate specific information or topics in the book, making it easier to navigate large or detailed works. It is commonly used in nonfiction books, academic texts, and reference materials.

What is an "index"?

index

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW5kZXg&hash=8e50ccbfbb47a11a5b36fd8f529522de7284f8ba&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

IELTS 18 - Academic | Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic "Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)" Vocabulary