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concrete
/ˈkɑnkɹit/, /kənˈkɹit/
adjective
real, factual, and existing in a material or physical form in a way that can be sensed
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figurative
/ˈfɪɡjɝətɪv/
adjective
representing people, animals and objects and forms as they appear in the real world
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monochrome
/ˈmɑnəˌkɹoʊm/
adjective
(of a picture or photograph) containing or portraying images in black and white or different shades of a single color only
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lowbrow
/lˈoʊbɹaʊ/
adjective
intended for those who have little knowledge about culture and serious art
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somber
/ˈsɑmbɝ/
adjective
dark and gloomy in color, especially gray or black
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sublime
/səˈbɫaɪm/
adjective
of exceptional beauty or excellence
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Baroque
/bɝˈoʊk/
noun
an ornate and grand style of art, music, and architecture present in the 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe
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Rococo
/ɹəˈkoʊˌkoʊ/
noun
an elaborate and heavily decorated style of art, architecture, and furniture with asymmetrical patterns that was prevalent in Europe in the 18th century
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classicism
/ˈkɫæsɪˌsɪzəm/
noun
a style of art and literature associated with harmony, simplicity, and beauty based on the standards of ancient Greece and Rome, Classicism was popular in Europe from the Renaissance to the 18th century
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Dada
/ˈdɑˌdɑ/
noun
an early 20th-century movement in art, literature, music, and cinema, renouncing and satirizing artistic and social traditions and highlighting the illogical and absurd as a way of protest
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expressionism
/ɪksˈpɹɛʃəˌnɪzəm/
noun
a style and movement of art, music, and literature in the early 20th century that expresses extreme feelings and emotions instead of showing events or objects in a realistic manner
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impressionism
/ˌɪmˈpɹɛʃəˌnɪzəm/
noun
a movement in painting originated in 19th-century France that uses light and color in a way that gives an impression rather than a detailed representation of the subject
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formalism
/ˈfɔɹməˌɫɪzəm/
noun
an artistic or literary style that considers the rules and proper arrangement of the elements as being the most fundamental factor in comparison with expressing feelings or meaning
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mannerism
/ˈmænɝˌɪzəm/
noun
a European style of art in the late 16th century characterized by hyper-idealization and distorted human forms
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minimalism
/ˈmɪnəməˌɫɪzəm/
noun
‌a style of art, music, or design that arose in the 1950s and is associated with simplicity and uses only a limited number of elements
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neoclassicism
/nˌiːoʊklˈæsɪsˌɪzəm/
noun
a style of art, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the style practiced in ancient Greece and Rome
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naturalism
/ˈnætʃɝəˌɫɪzəm/, /ˈnætʃɹəˌɫɪzəm/
noun
a literary and artistic movement initiated in the late 19th century, marked by the accurate depiction of detail
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postmodernism
/ˌpoʊstˈmɑdɝˌnɪzm/
noun
a movement and style in art, literature, architecture, etc. in the 20th century, which reacted against modernism and is usually marked by a return to earlier styles and inclusion of features from various periods
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to daub
/ˈdɔb/
verb
to spread a sticky substance such as mud, paint, etc. on a surface in a careless way
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to etch
/ˈɛtʃ/
verb
to cut or carve designs or writings on a hard surface, often using acid or a laser beam
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bricolage
/bɹˈɪkɑːlɪdʒ/
noun
the process of artfully constructing something by means of different objects that are at hand or easily accessible
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composition
/ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən/
noun
the artistic arrangement of people and objects in a painting or picture
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installation
/ˌɪnstəˈɫeɪʃən/
noun
a form of modern sculpture constructed using sound, light, movement, etc. as well as objects, often as a temporary piece of art
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fresco
/ˈfɹɛskoʊ/
noun
a technique of mural painting that is done by putting watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling
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grotesque
/ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/
noun
a style of art that is characterized by distortion of figures and interweaving animals, humans, and plants
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mural
/ˈmjʊɹəɫ/
noun
a large painting done on a wall
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diptych
/dˈɪptɪtʃ/
noun
a painting or engraving done on two separate pieces of wood that are hinged and can be closed like a book, usually used as an altarpiece
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easel
/ˈizəɫ/
noun
a wooden frame, usually a tripod, that an artist uses to support a canvas
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tempera
/ˈtɛmpɝə/
noun
a kind of pigment that is mixed with water or egg yolk in order to be painted on a canvas, paper, etc.
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cityscape
/sˈɪɾɪskˌeɪp/
noun
a painting or photograph representing a city or an urban area
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avant-garde
/əˈvɑnˈɡɑɹd/, /əˈvɑntˈɡɑɹd/
noun
a progressive group of artists, musicians, etc. introducing modern and radical forms and styles, usually shocking the audience
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connoisseur
/ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/
noun
an individual who is an expert of art, food, music, etc. and can judge its quality
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conservator
/kənˈsɝvətɝ/
noun
an organization or a person who is responsible for preserving, repairing, or restoring works of art, cultural sites, or other types of historical heritage
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muse
/ˈmjuz/
noun
a source of inspiration for an artist or author that gives them ideas or motivates them to create works of art
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