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brunt
2-
diorama
3-
likelihood
4-
ruffian
5-
twinge
6-
macrocosm
7-
hydra
8-
esprit
9-
prefix
10-
retinue
11-
menagerie
12-
legerdemain
13-
rondo
14-
loam
15-
brotherhood
16-
gambit
17-
ballast
18-
mettle
19-
vermin
brunt
(główna siła)

(główna siła)

główne uderzenie

flag
/ˈbɹənt/
Rzeczownik

main force of a blow

diorama
(makieta)

(makieta)

diorama

flag
/dɪɚɹˈæmə/
Rzeczownik

a small-scale three-dimensional model or display depicting a scene, often enclosed within a glass case for viewing

synonymcyclorama
synonympanorama
example
Przykład
click on words
As part of the science fair project, Sarah constructed a diorama representing the water cycle, featuring clouds, rivers, and mountains.
The art class assignment was to create a diorama of a famous historical event, prompting students to meticulously craft detailed scenes from the past.
The school's history project required students to create a diorama depicting a significant moment from World War II, encouraging them to research and recreate historical scenes with accuracy.
What is a "diorama"?

A diorama is a three-dimensional miniature model that represents a scene, often used to depict historical events, natural landscapes, or fictional settings. It’s like a snapshot of a larger world, captured in a small space, such as a shoebox or a museum display. Dioramas combine crafted figures, objects, and background images to create a realistic or sometimes imaginative scene. They are commonly used in education to bring lessons to life, in museums to illustrate history, and by hobbyists for artistic expression.

likelihood
(szansa)

(szansa)

prawdopodobieństwo

flag
/ˈɫaɪkɫiˌhʊd/
Rzeczownik

the probability or chance of something occurring

synonymlikeliness
antonymunlikelihood
example
Przykład
click on words
Based on his experience and expertise, the doctor assessed the likelihood of a successful outcome for the surgery.
The team carefully evaluated the likelihood of various risks before proceeding with the project.
There is a high likelihood of rain this afternoon, based on the forecast and the current cloud cover.
ruffian
(bandyta)

(bandyta)

nikczemnik

flag
/ɹˈʌfiən/
Rzeczownik

a violent or lawless person

synonymbully
synonymhooligan
synonymroughneck
synonymrowdy
synonymtough
synonymyob
example
Przykład
click on words
The police apprehended the ruffian after a high-speed chase through the city streets.
The ruffian lurked in the alley, intimidating passersby with his menacing glare.
Despite his reputation as a ruffian, he showed a surprising amount of kindness to those in need.
twinge
(przykrze uczucie)

(przykrze uczucie)

ukłucie

flag
/ˈtwɪndʒ/
Rzeczownik

an unexpected and quick feeling of a particular emotion, often a negative one

synonympang
synonymstab
example
Przykład
click on words
Watching her old team win the championship gave him a twinge of jealousy.
She felt a twinge of guilt when she realized she had forgotten her friend's birthday.
When she accidentally stepped on her dog's tail, she felt a twinge of sorrow at causing him pain.
macrocosm
(makrokosmos (wszechświat))

(makrokosmos (wszechświat))

makrokosmos

flag
/mˈækɹəkˌɑːzəm/
Rzeczownik

the universe or the entirety of a complex system, seen as a larger entity encompassing all its parts

synonymcosmos
synonymcreation
synonymexistence
synonymuniverse
synonymworld
example
Przykład
click on words
The macrocosm holds wonders beyond imagination, from distant galaxies to enigmatic black holes.
The macrocosm, with its countless galaxies and stars, remains an awe-inspiring mystery to humanity.
Contemplating the macrocosm often inspires feelings of humility and wonder at the vastness of existence.
hydra
hydra

hydra

flag
/ˈhaɪdɹə/
Rzeczownik

a freshwater polyp with a cylindrical body and tentacles

example
Przykład
click on words
In the ecosystem, the hydra plays a role as a primary consumer, feeding on small organisms and contributing to nutrient cycling.
Under the microscope, the intricate structure of the hydra's tentacles became visible, revealing its feeding mechanisms.
The textbook described the unique reproductive capabilities of the hydra, which can reproduce asexually by budding.
esprit
(żywotność)

(żywotność)

duch

flag
/ɛsˈpɹi/
Rzeczownik

a lively, quick-witted, or vivacious quality, often characterized by intelligence, wit, or charm

example
Przykład
click on words
The office culture was infused with an esprit of camaraderie and creativity, fostering collaboration and innovation.
Her speech was marked by an esprit that captivated the audience, blending humor and insight effortlessly.
The group's conversation sparkled with esprit as they exchanged witty remarks and playful banter.
prefix
przedrostek

przedrostek

flag
/ˈpɹifɪks/
Rzeczownik

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

example
Przykład
click on words
The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding.
In the vocabulary lesson, they focused on how prefixes can alter the meanings of root words.
What is a "prefix"?

A prefix is a type of affix that is added to the beginning of a base word or root to modify its meaning. Prefixes can change the meaning of the word in various ways, such as indicating negation, repetition, or degree. For example, the prefix "un-" can be added to the word "happy" to form "unhappy", which means not happy. Other examples include "redo", where the prefix "re-" indicates doing something again, and "preview", where "pre-" means before. Prefixes are important in word formation, allowing for the creation of new words and the expansion of vocabulary in many languages.

retinue
(zastęp)

(zastęp)

świta

flag
/ˈɹɛtəˌnu/
Rzeczownik

a group of attendants or followers, typically accompanying an important person

synonymcortege
synonymentourage
synonymsuite
example
Przykład
click on words
The queen's retinue included her trusted advisors, guards, and ladies-in-waiting, who attended to her every need.
The emperor's retinue paraded through the city streets, impressing onlookers with its grandeur and splendor.
The celebrity's retinue of bodyguards and personal assistants ensured that she could move through the crowded streets without interruption.
menagerie
 menażeria

menażeria

flag
/məˈnædʒɝi/
Rzeczownik

a collection of live animals kept for exhibition, usually in a zoo or as part of a traveling circus

synonymzoo
synonymzoological garden
menagerie
legerdemain
(sztuczka)

(sztuczka)

iluzja

flag
/ˌɫɛdʒɝdəˈmeɪn/
Rzeczownik

skillful tricks or sleight of hand performed as part of a magic or illusionist's performance

synonymconjuration
synonymconjuring trick
synonymdeception
synonymillusion
synonymmagic
synonymmagic trick
example
Przykład
click on words
The magician's legerdemain left the audience in awe as he seamlessly transformed a deck of cards into a cascade of colorful ribbons.
The art of legerdemain requires years of practice and dedication to perfect.
The magician's performance was a masterclass in legerdemain, captivating the audience with his skillful tricks.
legerdemain
rondo
rondo

rondo

flag
/ɹˈɑːndoʊ/
Rzeczownik

instrumental music with a recurring theme often found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto

synonymrondeau
loam
(żyzna gleba)

(żyzna gleba)

glina

flag
/ˈɫoʊm/
Rzeczownik

a fertile soil composed of a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, ideal for plant growth

example
Przykład
click on words
The landscape architect selected loam for the flowerbeds to ensure that the flowers would thrive in the nutrient-rich soil.
The farmer tilled the loam soil before planting crops, knowing it would provide an optimal environment for root development.
The gardener chose loam as the preferred soil type for planting vegetables in the garden due to its fertility and drainage properties.
brotherhood
(związek braterski)

(związek braterski)

braterstwo

flag
/ˈbɹəðɝˌhʊd/
Rzeczownik

the relationship between two or more brothers

brotherhood
gambit
(strategia)

(strategia)

gambit

flag
/ˈɡæmbɪt/
Rzeczownik

a strategic action or remark that is used to gain an advantage, particularly in the early stages of a situation, game, conversation, etc.

synonymploy
synonymstratagem
example
Przykład
click on words
Her clever gambit in the conversation shifted the focus to her key points.
His opening gambit in the negotiation set the tone for a successful deal.
The detective's gambit to mislead the suspect paid off during the investigation.
ballast
(ciężar)

(ciężar)

balast

flag
/ˈbæɫəst/
Rzeczownik

anything that provides stability or balance, either literally or metaphorically, ensuring equilibrium or support

example
Przykład
click on words
The strong community bonds acted as social ballast, anchoring the neighborhood through times of crisis.
The financial reserves acted as a ballast for the company, ensuring stability during economic downturns.
The principles of integrity and honesty served as moral ballast, guiding his decisions and actions with steadfastness.
mettle
(odwaga)

(odwaga)

dzielność

flag
/ˈmɛtəɫ/
Rzeczownik

the spirit and resilience that allows one to carry on

synonymheart
synonymnerve
synonymspunk
vermin
(insekty)

(insekty)

szkodniki

flag
/ˈvɝmɪn/
Rzeczownik

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

example
Przykład
click on words
After the flood, the basement was infested with vermin such as rats and cockroaches.
In many big cities, pigeons are often considered vermin due to their large populations and the mess they create.
During the medieval times, vermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases.
What is "vermin"?

Vermin generally refers to a group of small animals that are considered to be pests and are often unwelcome in human habitation or agricultural areas. This group of animals can include rodents such as rats and mice, as well as insects like cockroaches and bedbugs. They are known for causing damage to property, spreading disease, and competing with humans for resources. Vermin can be a serious problem in both urban and rural areas, and many methods have been developed to control their populations, including traps, poisons, and other forms of pest management. Despite the negative connotations associated with the term "vermin," many of these animals are an important part of the ecosystem and serve valuable ecological roles.

vermin
pattern

Gratulacje! !

Nauczyłeś się 19 słów z Lesson 31. Aby poprawić naukę i powtórzyć słownictwo, zacznij praktykować!

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