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Basic Sciences - Branches of Science

Study the principal scientific disciplines concerned with life, matter, Earth, health, climate, and the universe.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
biology
biology
[существительное]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

биология

биология

Ex: She developed a keen interest in biology and decided to pursue a career in medicine. 
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zoology
zoology
[существительное]

a branch of science that deals with animals

зоология

зоология

Ex: She decided to major in zoology because of her fascination with animal behavior. 
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botany
botany
[существительное]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

ботаника

ботаника

Ex: She majored in botany to learn about plant genetics and classification. 
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mathematics
mathematics
[существительное]

the study of numbers and shapes that involves calculation and description

математика

математика

Ex: Can you explain this math concept to me? 
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chemistry
chemistry
[существительное]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

химия

химия

Ex: She found the chemistry lesson on chemical reactions absolutely fascinating. 
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physics
physics
[существительное]

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

физика

физика

Ex: She excelled in physics, particularly enjoying the lessons on electromagnetism and thermodynamics. 
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geology
geology
[существительное]

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

геология

геология

Ex: Geology explains why mountain ranges exist and how they formed over millions of years. 
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neurology
neurology
[существительное]

a branch of medical science particularly concerned with the disorders of the nervous system

неврология

неврология

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pathology
pathology
[существительное]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

патология

патология

Ex: The hospital offers specialized services in pathology, including the analysis of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes. 
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physiology
physiology
[существительное]

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

физиология

физиология

Ex: She is studying physiology to understand how the body's systems work together. 
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archeology
archeology
[существительное]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

археология

археология

Ex: Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, sites, and other physical remains. 
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climatology
climatology
[существительное]

the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

климатология, изучение климатов

климатология, изучение климатов

Ex: Climatology explores the average weather conditions in a region over extended periods. 
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cybernetics
cybernetics
[существительное]

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

кибернетика

кибернетика

Ex: Cybernetics examines how the human brain processes information and controls various bodily functions. 
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food science
food science
[существительное]

the scientific study of food composition, effects on the body, and safe preparation and storage

Ex: Food science helped create longer-lasting dairy products. 
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geochemistry
geochemistry
[существительное]

the study of the chemical composition and processes of the earth's crust

Ex: Geochemistry helps identify valuable mineral deposits deep underground. 
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hydrology
hydrology
[существительное]

the discipline that focuses on the study of water distribution, movement, and quality on Earth's surface and underground

гидрология, наука о воде

гидрология, наука о воде

Ex: Researchers use hydrology to assess water availability and quality. 
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kinesiology
kinesiology
[существительное]

the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity

кинезиология, наука о движении человека

кинезиология, наука о движении человека

Ex: Physical therapists use principles from kinesiology to design rehabilitation programs tailored to individual movement patterns. 
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medicine
medicine
[существительное]

the field of science that is concerned with treating injuries and diseases

медицина

медицина

Ex: After years of rigorous study, she graduated from medical school and was excited to begin her career in medicine, helping patients recover from illnesses. 
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meteorology
meteorology
[существительное]

a field of science that deals with the earth's atmosphere, particularly weather forecasting

метеорология

метеорология

Ex: She decided to pursue a career in meteorology after developing a fascination with weather patterns and storm systems. 
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neurobiology
neurobiology
[существительное]

the branch of biology concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system

Ex: Neurobiology explores how individual neurons communicate through chemical signals. 
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oceanography
oceanography
[существительное]

the scientific study of the oceans, including their physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects

океанография, изучение океанов

океанография, изучение океанов

Ex: Oceanography explores the vast and complex marine environment, encompassing everything from ocean currents to marine life. 
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psychology
psychology
[существительное]

a field of science that studies the mind, its functions, and how it affects behavior

психология

психология

Ex: She studied psychology to understand how the human mind works. 
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soil science
soil science
[существительное]

the study of soil structure, physical properties, and chemical characteristics

Ex: Soil science helps farmers determine which crops will thrive in their fields. 
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biochemistry
biochemistry
[существительное]

a field of science that deals with the chemistry of organisms

биохимия

биохимия

Ex: Enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, are a key focus in biochemistry. 
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astronomy
astronomy
[существительное]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

астрономия

астрономия

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
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astrobiology
astrobiology
[существительное]

a branch of biology that deals with the study of life in space

астробиология

астробиология

Ex: Astrobiology explores the potential for life beyond Earth, studying environments where life could exist. 
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astrophysics
astrophysics
[существительное]

the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

астрофизика

астрофизика

Ex: She decided to pursue a Ph.D. in astrophysics to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. 
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genetics
genetics
[существительное]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

генетика

генетика

Ex: Understanding genetics helps scientists explore how diseases are passed through families. 
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ecology
ecology
[существительное]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

экология

экология

Ex: Ecology examines how plants and animals adapt to their environments. 
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microbiology
microbiology
[существительное]

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

микробиология

микробиология

Ex: Microbiology is essential for understanding disease transmission. 
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biophysics
biophysics
[существительное]

the branch of science applying the principles and methods of physics to biological problems

Ex: Biophysics uses x-ray crystallography to determine protein structures. 
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mineralogy
mineralogy
[существительное]

the scientific study of minerals, their composition, properties, and classification, often involving the analysis of crystal structures and the identification of various mineral species

минералогия, изучение минералов

минералогия, изучение минералов

Ex: Mineralogy examines the unique properties of minerals, including their color, hardness, and crystal structure. 
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seismology
seismology
[существительное]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

сейсмология, изучение землетрясений

сейсмология, изучение землетрясений

Ex: Seismology helps researchers monitor and understand the seismic activity along fault lines. 
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paleontology
paleontology
[существительное]

the branch of science that studies fossils

палеонтология

палеонтология

Ex: Paleontology has revealed fascinating details about the prehistoric creatures that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. 
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cosmology
cosmology
[существительное]

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

космология

космология

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