Negation For Intermediate learners

Negation in German Grammar

Negation in German Grammar

Negation is the system of making a sentence or an element negative. There are many ways to negate something in German. The main negation word is "Nicht" but you can also use other negation words. Each negation word has its own specific position in a sentence.

The Main Negation Word in German

"Nicht" is the main negation word in German, and it's the equivalent of the English word "not". It's position in a sentence is not fixed and depends on the element that you want to negate. You can negate different elements in a sentence, such as, verbs, adverbs, prepositional phrase, etc.

Negating Verbs

The negation of verbs can be categorized as follows, depending on the verb form:

Simple Verbs

Separable Prefix Verbs

Modal Verbs

Compound Verbs

Simple Verbs

Place "nicht" at the end of the sentence if you want to negate a simple verb.

Example

Ich lerne Deutsch.

I am learning German.

Ich lerne Deutsch nicht.

I am not learning German.

Wir wohnen in Berlin.

We live in Berlin.

Wir wohnen in Berlin nicht.

We do not live in Berlin.

Separable Prefix Verbs

In order to negate a separable prefix verb in a sentence, put "nicht" right before the last element (prefix).

Example

Er steht früh nicht auf.

He does not get up early.

Sie geht heute nicht aus.

She is not going out today.

Compound Verbs

"Nicht" comes before the last element in a sentence.

Example

Ich habe das Buch gelesen.

I have read the book.

Ich habe das Buch nicht gelesen.

I have not read the book.

Er ist nach Hause gegangen.

He went home.

Er ist nach Hause nicht gegangen**.

He did not go home.

Negating Nouns

You can negate nouns with an indefinite article or no article in German by placing "kein" before them. "Kein" must match the noun in case, gender, and number.

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Plural

Nom

kein Mann

keine Frau

kein Kind

keine Kinder

Acc

keinen Mann

keine Frau

kein Kind

keine Kinder

Dat

keinem Mann

keiner Frau

keinem Kind

keinen Kindern

Gen

keines Mannes

keiner Frau

keines Kindes

keiner Kinder

Example

Ich habe einen Hund.

I have a dog.

Ich habe keinen Hund.

I don't have a dog.

Sie ist eine Lehrerin.

She is a teacher.

Sie ist keine Lehrerin.

She is not a teacher.

Ich habe Bücher.

I have books.

Ich habe keine Bücher.

I don't have any books.

Negating Other Elements

If you want to negate a specific element in a sentence, place "Nicht" before that element.
Look at the following examples:

Example

Ich komme heute.

I'm coming today.

Ich komme nicht heute.

I'm not coming today.

(adverb of time)

Er arbeitet im Büro.

He works in the office.

Er arbeitet nicht im Büro.

He doesn't work in the office.

(adverb of place)

Sie fährt schnell.

She drives fast.

Sie fährt nicht schnell.

She doesn't drive fast.

(adverb of manner)

Ich gehe mit Freunden ins Kino.

I'm not going to the cinema with friends.

Ich gehe nicht mit Freunden ins Kino.

I'm going to the cinema with friends.

(prepositional phrase)

Other Negation Words

There are other words in German that can make a sentence negative. Here are some of them:

Nominal Negation Words

Adverbial Negation Words

Compound Negation Conjunction

Nominal Negation Words

Nominal negation words are words that take the place of a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

niemand (no one/nobody)

Used to refer to the absence of people. It replaces a person or group when stating that nobody performs an action or is present.

Example

Niemand ist hier.

No one is here.

Niemand hat angerufen.

No one called.

nichts (nothing)

Used to indicate the absence of things, actions, or events. It replaces an object or idea to show that nothing exists, happens, or is perceived.

Example

Ich sehe nichts.

I see nothing.

Ich habe nichts gehört.

I heard nothing.

Da ist nichts passiert.

Nothing happened there.

nirgends (nowhere)

Example

Er ist nirgends.

He is nowhere.

Mein Schlüssel ist nirgends.

My key is nowhere.

Adverbial Negation Words

These words are adverbs that modify a verb.

nie (never)

Used to say that something does not happen at any time. It expresses general or habitual negation in everyday situations.

Example

Ich gehe nie ins Kino.

I never go to the cinema.

niemals (never)

A stronger or more emphatic form of nie. It is often used to stress that something will absolutely not happen or should never occur.

Example

Niemals vergesse ich das.

I will never forget that.

Niemals würde ich das tun!

I would never do that!

Compound Negation Conjunction

A compound negation conjunction, connects two or more elements together and negates them.

weder...noch (neither...nor)

Used to link two or more alternatives while stating that none of them apply. It negates both connected words, phrases, or clauses equally.

Example

Ich esse weder Fleisch noch Fisch.

I eat neither meat nor fish.

Das Essen ist weder heiß noch kalt.

The food is neither hot nor cold.

Wir fahren weder in die Berge noch ans Meer.

We're going neither to the mountains nor to the sea.

Note!

Double negation is incorrect in German, and you shouldn't put two elements in a sentence unless they are in separate clauses.

Example

Ich habe nichts nicht gesehen.

I have not seen nothing.

Incorrect (double negation)

Ich habe nichts gesehen.

I have seen nothing.

Example

Niemand hat nichts gesagt.

No one said nothing.

Incorrect (double negation)

Niemand hat etwas gesagt.

No one said anything.

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