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Business and Finance - Economy

Study terms related to economic systems, markets, trade, taxation, inflation, public finance, financial crises, and global institutions.

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Words Related to Business and Finance
economics
economics
[Sustantivo]

the study of how money, goods, and resources are produced, distributed, and used in a country or society

economía

economía

Ex: The professor explained the basic principles of economics in the lecture. 

El profesor explicó los principios básicos de la economía en la conferencia.

economist
economist
[Sustantivo]

a professional who studies and analyzes economic theories, trends, and data to provide insights into economic issues

economista

economista

Ex: Economists debate the effectiveness of government policies in stimulating economic growth. 

Los economistas debaten sobre la efectividad de las políticas gubernamentales para estimular el crecimiento económico.

capitalism
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: Critics of capitalism argue that it leads to income inequality and exploitation of labor. 

Los críticos del capitalismo argumentan que conduce a la desigualdad de ingresos y a la explotación laboral.

collapse
collapse
[Sustantivo]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

colapso, derrumbamiento

colapso, derrumbamiento

Ex: They lost millions due to the sudden collapse in the value of their investments. 

Perdieron millones debido al colapso repentino del valor de sus inversiones.

to crash
to crash
[Verbo]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

quebrar

quebrar

Ex: The price of oil crashed after global demand dropped unexpectedly. 

El precio del petróleo se desplomó después de que la demanda global cayera inesperadamente.

currency
currency
[Sustantivo]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

moneda

moneda

Ex: Using a stable currency is crucial for maintaining economic stability. 

Usar una moneda estable es crucial para mantener la estabilidad económica.

depression
depression
[Sustantivo]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresión

depresión

Ex: The stock market crash of 1929 precipitated the onset of the Great Depression. 

El colapso del mercado de valores de 1929 precipitó el inicio de la Gran Depresión.

recession
recession
[Sustantivo]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recesión

recesión

Ex: Families had to tighten their budgets and cut back on spending due to the recession. 

Las familias tuvieron que ajustar sus presupuestos y recortar gastos debido a la recesión.

downturn
downturn
[Sustantivo]

a drop in market and business activities

contracción

contracción

Ex: In response to the market downturn, the company implemented cost-cutting measures to stay afloat. 

En respuesta al bajón del mercado, la empresa implementó medidas de reducción de costos para mantenerse a flote.

free market
free market
[Sustantivo]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

mercado libre

mercado libre

Ex: Entrepreneurs thrive in a free market environment where innovation and efficiency are rewarded. 

Los emprendedores prosperan en un entorno de mercado libre donde se premia la innovación y la eficiencia.

free trade
free trade
[Sustantivo]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

libre comercio

libre comercio

Ex: Critics of free trade worry that it could lead to job losses in certain industries that struggle to compete with cheaper imports. 

Los críticos del libre comercio temen que pueda llevar a la pérdida de empleos en ciertas industrias que luchan por competir con importaciones más baratas.

fair trade
fair trade
[Sustantivo]

trade that ensures fair payment and ethical standards for producers, often with social and environmental criteria

global economy
global economy
[Sustantivo]

the interconnected economies of all countries viewed as a single unified system

Ex: The pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in the global economy. 
income tax
income tax
[Sustantivo]

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

impuesto sobre la renta

impuesto sobre la renta

inflation
inflation
[Sustantivo]

the ongoing increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

inflación

inflación

Ex: Rising inflation led to higher food and fuel prices. 

La inflación creciente condujo a precios más altos de alimentos y combustible.

deflation
deflation
[Sustantivo]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflación

deflación

Ex: During deflation, consumers delay purchases in anticipation of even lower prices. 
monopoly
monopoly
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

monopolio

monopolio

Ex: The telecommunications company was accused of maintaining a monopoly in the rural internet market, stifling competition. 

La compañía de telecomunicaciones fue acusada de mantener un monopolio en el mercado rural de internet, sofocando la competencia.

national debt
national debt
[Sustantivo]

the total amount of money owed by a national government, excluding debts of individuals, businesses, or local governments

Ex: The government issued bonds to finance the growing national debt. 
portfolio
portfolio
[Sustantivo]

a group of shares that a person or organization owns

cartera de acciones

cartera de acciones

Ex: His portfolio of tech stocks performed exceptionally well during the market boom. 

Su cartera de acciones tecnológicas tuvo un desempeño excepcional durante el auge del mercado.

private sector
private sector
[Sustantivo]

the part of the economy that is run by private individuals or companies, rather than the government, and aims to make a profit

sector privado, particulares

sector privado, particulares

Ex: The private sector is known for innovation and competition. 

El sector privado es conocido por la innovación y la competencia.

public sector
public sector
[Sustantivo]

the part of the economy that is controlled and funded by the government, providing services like healthcare, education, and transportation

sector público, administración pública

sector público, administración pública

Ex: Government-funded projects often fall under the public sector. 

Los proyectos financiados por el gobierno a menudo caen bajo el sector público.

public spending
public spending
[Sustantivo]

the total amount of money spent by a government on public services and infrastructure

Ex: Public spending accounts for nearly 40% of the country's GDP. 
reserve
reserve
[Sustantivo]

something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose

reserva, provisión

reserva, provisión

stock exchange
stock exchange
[Sustantivo]

a place in which shares and stocks are traded

bolsa

bolsa

Ex: Companies list their shares on a stock exchange to raise capital from investors. 

Las empresas cotizan sus acciones en una bolsa de valores para recaudar capital de los inversores.

stock market
stock market
[Sustantivo]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

bolsa de valores

bolsa de valores

Ex: News of the company's breakthrough product led to a surge in its stock market value. 

La noticia del producto innovador de la empresa provocó un aumento en el valor de su mercado de valores.

supply and demand

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

oferta y demanda

oferta y demanda

tariff
tariff
[Sustantivo]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

tarifa

tarifa

Ex: Negotiations between countries often focus on reducing tariffs to promote free trade. 

Las negociaciones entre países a menudo se centran en reducir los aranceles para promover el libre comercio.

tax
tax
[Sustantivo]

a sum of money that has to be paid, based on one's income, to the government so it can provide people with different kinds of public services

impuesto

impuesto

Ex: He calculated his tax liability based on his income and deductions. 

Calculó su obligación tributaria en función de sus ingresos y deducciones.

to quote
to quote
[Verbo]

to estimate how much money something will cost

ofrecer, dar

ofrecer, dar

Ex: The insurance company quoted a monthly premium of $150 for the coverage. 

La compañía de seguros cotizó una prima mensual de $150 por la cobertura.

black market
black market
[Sustantivo]

the illegal purchase and selling of goods in high price, ofen in an unreasonable price

mercado negro, tráfico ilegal

mercado negro, tráfico ilegal

Ex: Authorities are cracking down on the black market for stolen art, which has seen a surge in activity as collectors seek rare pieces without the proper documentation. 

Las autoridades están reprimiendo el mercado negro de arte robado, que ha experimentado un aumento en la actividad a medida que los coleccionistas buscan piezas raras sin la documentación adecuada.

bubble
bubble
[Sustantivo]

a rapid trend of increase in prices that eventually leads to a collapse

burbuja, burbuja especulativa

burbuja, burbuja especulativa

Ex: Many analysts warn that the rapid rise in cryptocurrency prices may be indicative of a speculative bubble that could burst at any moment. 

Muchos analistas advierten que el rápido aumento en los precios de las criptomonedas puede ser indicativo de una burbuja especulativa que podría estallar en cualquier momento.

fiscal
fiscal
[Adjetivo]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

fiscal

fiscal

Ex: The fiscal year for most governments begins on January 1st and ends on December 31st. 

El año fiscal para la mayoría de los gobiernos comienza el 1 de enero y termina el 31 de diciembre.

liquidity
liquidity
[Sustantivo]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

liquidez

liquidez

Ex: During a crisis, liquidity can be a lifeline for businesses. 

Durante una crisis, la liquidez puede ser un salvavidas para las empresas.

International Monetary Fund

a UN agency that promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability

Ex: The IMF monitors global economic trends and advises member nations. 
World Bank
World Bank
[Sustantivo]

a UN agency that provides loans and financial assistance to developing countries

Ex: The World Bank works with governments to reduce poverty through development programs. 
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