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Лексика Северной и Центральной Америки - Гватемала

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North and Central America Vocabulary
island
island
[существительное]

a piece of land surrounded by water

остров

остров

Ex: I collected seashells as souvenirs from the beautiful island. 
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interesting
interesting
[прилагательное]

catching and keeping our attention because of being unusual, exciting, etc.

интересный

интересный

Ex: I read an interesting article about space exploration in the newspaper. 
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ruin
ruin
[существительное]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

руина

руина

Ex: They explored the ruins of an old castle during their trip. 
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volcano
volcano
[существительное]

a mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air

вулкан

вулкан

Ex: The volcano erupted, sending ash into the sky. 
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civilization
civilization
[существительное]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

цивилизация

цивилизация

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
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temple
temple
[существительное]

a building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus

храм

храм

Ex: They visited the ancient temple to offer prayers and seek blessings. 
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pyramid
pyramid
[существительное]

a solid with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a single point

пирамида

пирамида

Ex: Students modeled a pyramid using cardboard. 
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colony
colony
[существительное]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

колония

колония

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mine
mine
[существительное]

a deep hole or large tunnel in the ground where workers dig for salt, gold, coal, etc.

рудник, шахта

рудник, шахта

Ex: The diamond mine in Africa was known for its rare gemstones. 
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independence
independence
[существительное]

the state of being free from the control of others

независимость

независимость

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
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dictator
dictator
[существительное]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

диктатор

диктатор

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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democratic
democratic
[прилагательное]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

демократичный

демократичный

Ex: The democratic process allows citizens to participate in decision-making through voting. 
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to vote
to vote
[глагол]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

голосовать, подавать голос

голосовать, подавать голос

Ex: Citizens regularly vote in elections to choose their representatives. 
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descendant
descendant
[существительное]

someone who shares the same blood with a specific person who lived many years ago

наследник

наследник

Ex: The historian traced her family's lineage back to a prominent historical figure, claiming to be a direct descendant. 
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by hand
by hand
[наречие]

with the hands or physical effort rather than relying on machines or tools

вручную

вручную

Ex: He painted the fence by hand, carefully applying each stroke with a brush. 
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pattern
pattern
[существительное]

a typically repeating arrangement of shapes, colors, etc., regularly done as a design on a surface

шаблон, выкройка

шаблон, выкройка

Ex: The wallpaper had a beautiful floral pattern that added elegance to the room. 
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lively
lively
[прилагательное]

(of a place or atmosphere) full of excitement and energy

оживленный

оживленный

Ex: She loved the lively atmosphere at the outdoor market. 
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active
active
[прилагательное]

(of a volcano) currently showing signs of volcanic activity or having the potential to become active soon

активный, действующий

активный, действующий

Ex: Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in Europe, frequently spewing lava and ash. 
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hiking
hiking
[существительное]

the activity of taking long walks in the countryside or mountains, often for fun

пеший поход

пеший поход

Ex: Hiking is a great way to explore nature and enjoy the fresh air. 
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scenery
scenery
[существительное]

the overall appearance of a place, including its natural features and buildings

пейзаж

пейзаж

Ex: The mountain scenery was beautiful. 
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tropical
tropical
[прилагательное]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

тропический

тропический

Ex: Tropical rainforests are biodiverse ecosystems found near the equator. 
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rainforest
rainforest
[существительное]

‌a thick, tropical forest with tall trees and consistently heavy rainfall

тропический лес

тропический лес

Ex: He spent his vacation hiking through the beautiful rainforest. 
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jaguar
jaguar
[существительное]

a large wild animal belonging to the cat family with a yellow fur covered with black spots, native to Central and South America

ягуар

ягуар

Ex: With sleek muscles rippling beneath its spotted coat, the jaguar stalked its prey through the dense jungle. 
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quetzal
quetzal
[существительное]

a colorful bird species known for its vibrant plumage, long tail feathers, and cultural significance in Mesoamerican civilizations

кетцаль

кетцаль

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dish
dish
[существительное]

food that is made in a special way as part of a meal

блюдо

блюдо

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dough
dough
[существительное]

a thick mixture of flour, liquid and sometimes yeast that is baked into bread or pastry

тесто

тесто

Ex: Pizza dough needs to be stretched and shaped before adding the toppings. 
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to steam
to steam
[глагол]

to cook using the steam of boiling water

готовить на пару

готовить на пару

Ex: She loves to steam vegetables for a healthy side dish. 
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stew
stew
[существительное]

a dish of vegetables or meat cooked at a low temperature in liquid in a closed container

рагу

рагу

Ex: She simmered a hearty beef stew on the stove, filling the kitchen with mouthwatering aromas. 
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common
common
[прилагательное]

frequently found, happening, or seen

общий, популярный

общий, популярный

Ex: It’s common for people to exchange holiday gifts with friends and family. 
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plantain
plantain
[существительное]

a cooking banana that is starchy and grows in tropical regions

плантан, банан

плантан, банан

Ex: I like to fry plantains until they turn golden brown and enjoy them as a tasty side dish. 
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crop
crop
[существительное]

a plant that is grown for food over large areas of land

урожай

урожай

Ex: The farmers planted a new crop of wheat this season. 
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highland
highland
[существительное]

land with mountains or hills

высокогорье

высокогорье

Ex: The Scottish Highlands boast breathtaking landscapes of rugged mountains, pristine lochs, and rolling hills. 
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poverty
poverty
[существительное]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

бедность

бедность

Ex: Many families in the area live in poverty and struggle to access basic services. 
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access
access
[существительное]

the right or opportunity to use something or benefit from it

доступ

доступ

Ex: Employees are granted access to the secure database only after completing cybersecurity training. 
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healthcare
healthcare
[существительное]

the health services and treatments given to people

здравоохранение, медицинское обслуживание

здравоохранение, медицинское обслуживание

Ex: Access to affordable healthcare is a major concern for many families in the country. 
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education
education
[существительное]

the process that involves teaching and learning, particularly at a school, university, or college

образование, обучение

образование, обучение

Ex: She pursued higher education by attending a prestigious university. 
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to cut down
to cut down
[глагол]

to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

срубить

срубить

Ex: The lumberjacks had to cut down the old oak tree to clear space for the new construction project. 
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deforestation
deforestation
[существительное]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

вырубка лесов

вырубка лесов

Ex: Large-scale deforestation is driven by the demand for agricultural land. 
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to suffer
to suffer
[глагол]

to experience and be affected by something bad or unpleasant

страдать, переносить

страдать, переносить

Ex: They suffered the consequences of their actions. 
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treat
treat
[существительное]

something considered choice to eat

лакомство, деликатес

лакомство, деликатес

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