Interrogative Sentences For Intermediate learners
Questions in German Grammar
There are two main types of questions in German grammar: yes/no questions (Ja/Nein-Fragen) and W-questions (W-Fragen). In order to make a question in German, you should be familiar with the concept of inversion.
What is Inversion?
Inversion is the act of reversing the normal order of subject and verb. Inversion is often used in order to form a question.
[Before inversion: Subject + Verb + …]
[After inversion: Verb + Subject + …]
Yes/No Questions (Ja/Nein-Fragen)
This section explains how to form questions that can be answered with yes or no. The main rule is moving the conjugated verb to the first position in the sentence. These types of questions can be categorized as follows:
Simple Verb
Modal or Auxiliary Verbs
Separable-prefix Verb
Simple Verb
If there is only one simple verb in a sentence, you should only change the place of the verb with the subject.
Du liest ein Buch.
You are reading a book.
Liest du ein Buch?
Are you reading a book?
Er arbeitet hier.
He is working here.
Arbeitet er hier?
Is he working here?
Modal or Auxiliary Verbs
In some cases, instead of one simple verb you have more complicated verb constructions. When you have a main verb with a modal or auxiliary verb, the inversion happens to the conjugated part.
Du must heute arbeiten.
Musst du heute arbeiten?
(Modal + Main Verb)
Sie hat das Buch gelesen.
Hat sie das Buch gelesen?
(Perfect Tense)
Wir werden morgen kommen.
Werden wir morgen kommen?
(Future Tense)
Separable-prefix Verb
In a yes/no question with a separable-prefix verb, the conjugated verb comes first and the prefix must go to the end of the sentence.
Er steht früh auf.
Steht er früh auf?
(Separable Prefix Verbs)
W- Questions (W-Fragen)
These questions must start with a certain question word (W-Wörter). Question-words are followed by the verb. Here are some of the common question words in German:
Wer (who)
Was (what)
Wo (where)
Woher (where from)
Wohin (where to)
Wann (when)
Warum/wieso/weshalb (why)
Wie (how)
Welcher (which)
Wie viel/wie viele (how much/how many)
Wer (who)
This word is used to ask about the identity of a person.
Wer ist das?
Who is that?
Was (what)
This question word is used to ask about a thing or concept.
Was machst du?
What are you doing?
Wo (where)
This question word is used to ask about the location of something.
Wo wohnst du?
Where do you live?
Woher (where from)
This question word is used to ask about the origin place of something.
Woher kommst du?
Where are you from?
Wohin (where to)
This question word is used to ask about the destination place.
Wohin gehst du?
Where are you going?
Wann (when)
This question word asks about a point in time.
Wann beginnt der Film?
When does the movie start?
Warum/wieso/weshalb (why)
This question word asks for a reason of something like an event or an action.
Warum lachst du?
Why are you laughing?
Wie (how)
This question word is used to ask about the quality or manner of something.
Wie geht es dir?
How are you?
Welcher (which)
This question word focuses on a choice between different options. It is a bit different from other question words since it must be declined and get special endings in order to match the case, gender, and number of the noun. Here is the declension table for "welcher":
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | welcher | welche | welches | welche |
Acc | welchen | welche | welches | welche |
Dat | welchem | welcher | welchem | welchen |
Gen | welches | welcher | welches | welcher |
Welcher Mann hat angerufen?
Which man called?
Welche Bücher liest du?
Which books are you reading?
Wie viel/wie viele (how much/how many)
These question words are used to ask about the quantity of something. The difference is that "wie viel" is used for uncountable noun and "wie viele" is used for countable nouns.
Wie viel kostet das?
How much does it cost?
Wie viel Wasser trinkst du am Tag?
How much water do you drink per day?
Wie viele Geschwister hast du?
How many siblings do you have?
Wie viele Bücher hast du gelesen?
How many books have you read?
Types of W-Questions
Questions About the Subject
When the question is asked about the subject itself, no inversion is needed. That is because the question word itself is the subject of the sentence.
[Question Word] + [Verb] + [Rest]
Wer kommt?
Who is coming?
Welcher Mann arbeitet hier?
Which man works here?
Was passiert?
What is happening?
Questions About Other Elements
If you ask about anything else except the subject, an inversion is required.
[Question Word] + [Verb] + [Subject] + [Rest]
Wen liebst du?
Whom do you love?
(asking about direct object)
Wem gibst du das Geschenk?
To whom are you giving the gift?
(asking about indirect object)
Wo arbeitest du?
Where do you work?
(asking about place)
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