Interrogative Sentences For Intermediate learners

Interrogative Sentences in German Grammar

Questions in German Grammar

There are two main types of questions in German grammar: yes/no questions (Ja/Nein-Fragen) and W-questions (W-Fragen). In order to make a question in German, you should be familiar with the concept of inversion.

What is Inversion?

Inversion is the act of reversing the normal order of subject and verb. Inversion is often used in order to form a question.

[Before inversion: Subject + Verb + …]
[After inversion: Verb + Subject + …]

Yes/No Questions (Ja/Nein-Fragen)

This section explains how to form questions that can be answered with yes or no. The main rule is moving the conjugated verb to the first position in the sentence. These types of questions can be categorized as follows:

Simple Verb

Modal or Auxiliary Verbs

Separable-prefix Verb

Simple Verb

If there is only one simple verb in a sentence, you should only change the place of the verb with the subject.

Example

Du liest ein Buch.

You are reading a book.

Liest du ein Buch?

Are you reading a book?

Er arbeitet hier.

He is working here.

Arbeitet er hier?

Is he working here?

Separable-prefix Verb

In a yes/no question with a separable-prefix verb, the conjugated verb comes first and the prefix must go to the end of the sentence.

Example

Er steht früh auf.

Steht er früh auf?

(Separable Prefix Verbs)

W- Questions (W-Fragen)

These questions must start with a certain question word (W-Wörter). Question-words are followed by the verb. Here are some of the common question words in German:

Wer (who)

Was (what)

Wo (where)

Woher (where from)

Wohin (where to)

Wann (when)

Warum/wieso/weshalb (why)

Wie (how)

Welcher (which)

Wie viel/wie viele (how much/how many)

Wer (who)

This word is used to ask about the identity of a person.

Example

Wer ist das?

Who is that?

Was (what)

This question word is used to ask about a thing or concept.

Example

Was machst du?

What are you doing?

Wo (where)

This question word is used to ask about the location of something.

Example

Wo wohnst du?

Where do you live?

Woher (where from)

This question word is used to ask about the origin place of something.

Example

Woher kommst du?

Where are you from?

Wohin (where to)

This question word is used to ask about the destination place.

Example

Wohin gehst du?

Where are you going?

Wann (when)

This question word asks about a point in time.

Example

Wann beginnt der Film?

When does the movie start?

Warum/wieso/weshalb (why)

This question word asks for a reason of something like an event or an action.

Example

Warum lachst du?

Why are you laughing?

Wie (how)

This question word is used to ask about the quality or manner of something.

Example

Wie geht es dir?

How are you?

Welcher (which)

This question word focuses on a choice between different options. It is a bit different from other question words since it must be declined and get special endings in order to match the case, gender, and number of the noun. Here is the declension table for "welcher":

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Plural

Nom

welcher

welche

welches

welche

Acc

welchen

welche

welches

welche

Dat

welchem

welcher

welchem

welchen

Gen

welches

welcher

welches

welcher

Example

Welcher Mann hat angerufen?

Which man called?

Welche Bücher liest du?

Which books are you reading?

Wie viel/wie viele (how much/how many)

These question words are used to ask about the quantity of something. The difference is that "wie viel" is used for uncountable noun and "wie viele" is used for countable nouns.

Example

Wie viel kostet das?

How much does it cost?

Wie viel Wasser trinkst du am Tag?

How much water do you drink per day?

Example

Wie viele Geschwister hast du?

How many siblings do you have?

Wie viele Bücher hast du gelesen?

How many books have you read?

Types of W-Questions

Questions About the Subject

When the question is asked about the subject itself, no inversion is needed. That is because the question word itself is the subject of the sentence.

[Question Word] + [Verb] + [Rest]

Example

Wer kommt?

Who is coming?

Example

Welcher Mann arbeitet hier?

Which man works here?

Example

Was passiert?

What is happening?

Questions About Other Elements

If you ask about anything else except the subject, an inversion is required.

[Question Word] + [Verb] + [Subject] + [Rest]

Example

Wen liebst du?

Whom do you love?

(asking about direct object)

Wem gibst du das Geschenk?

To whom are you giving the gift?

(asking about indirect object)

Wo arbeitest du?

Where do you work?

(asking about place)

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