
039. History: Since The Dawn of Civilisation
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a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

archeoloog
the states or countries that are ruled under a single authority by a single government or monarch

rijk
an area or territory that is governed by a king or queen

koninkrijk, heerschappij
a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dynastie
the beginning or first appearance of something, especially when it marks the start of a new period or phase

dageraad, begin
someone who has the legal right to inherit the property, money, or title of a deceased individual

erfgenaam
a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

opvolger, erfgenaam
the formal ceremony or event during which a monarch or sovereign is officially crowned and invested with regal authority

kroning
the act of taking possession of an area by using military force

verovering
a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

manuscript, klad
a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

boer, landbouwer
someone whose job includes heavy physical work that does not require much skill

arbeider, handarbeider
the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Bronstijd, Tijdperk van brons
belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

middeleeuws, uit de Middeleeuwen
the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

Renaissance
relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

prekoloniaal, voor de kolonisatie
foot soldiers who fight on the ground with small arms

infanterie, infanteristen
troops trained to fight on horseback

cavalerie, troepen getraind om te vechten te paard
a protective metal clothing used by soldiers in the past in order not to be harmed or injured during battles

harnas, pantser
a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

strijdwagen, wagen
a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts; used by the Spanish for commerce and war from the 15th to 18th centuries
supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak
a person who controls or leads a country, territory, or group of people

heerser, leider
a person who visits unknown places to find out more about them

ontdekkingsreiziger, avonturier
a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarch, vorst
a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchie, koninkrijk
the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

adel, aristocratie
