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Applied Science and Research - Computer Problems & Security

Study terms related to system errors, performance issues, malware, cybercrime, authentication, access control, and computer protection.

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Words Related to Applied Science and Research
bug
bug
[существительное]

an error or fault in a computer program, system, etc.

ошибка

ошибка

Ex: The software update aimed to fix a bug that caused the application to crash when opening large files. 
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to corrupt
to corrupt
[глагол]

to cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference

Не исправить

Не исправить

Ex: A virus can corrupt your computer files if you're not careful. 
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to crash
to crash
[глагол]

(computing) to suddenly stop working

давать сбой

давать сбой

Ex: The application crashed while he was saving his work, causing him to lose unsaved data. 
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to debug
to debug
[глагол]

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

отлаживать

отлаживать

Ex: The software developer spent hours debugging the program to identify and fix the errors. 
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down
down
[прилагательное]

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

вышедший из строя

вышедший из строя

Ex: The company's website was down for maintenance, causing inconvenience for online shoppers. 
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to freeze
to freeze
[глагол]

(of software) to stop working properly and no longer respond to actions

зависать, замораживаться

зависать, замораживаться

Ex: My computer froze while I was working on the report. 
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to hallucinate
to hallucinate
[глагол]

(of an AI system) to generate false or fabricated information

Ex: The chatbot hallucinated a nonexistent source for its claim. 
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laggy
laggy
[прилагательное]

slow to respond, as a computer, game, or internet connection

Ex: The game got really laggy during the final boss fight. 
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to overload
to overload
[глагол]

to subject an electrical system to a demand that exceeds its designed capacity

перегружать, перегружать электрическую цепь

перегружать, перегружать электрическую цепь

Ex: Plugging multiple high-power appliances into a single electrical outlet can overload the circuit. 
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overflow
overflow
[существительное]

(computing) a fault caused when a value is too large for the system to represent

Ex: The integer overflow crashed the calculation module. 
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to time out
to time out
[глагол]

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

тайм-аут

тайм-аут

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to hack
to hack
[глагол]

(computing) to illegally access a computer system, network, or online account in order to find, use, or change the information it contains

взламывать

взламывать

Ex: Hackers may try to hack into your email account to send spam messages to your contacts. 
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trojan
trojan
[существительное]

a type of malicious software that appears to be legitimate but actually enables unauthorized access to a computer system

троянец

троянец

Ex: A well-designed Trojan can bypass security systems. 
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malware
malware
[существительное]

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

вредоносная программа

вредоносная программа

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malvertising
malvertising
[существительное]

the practice of embedding malware in online advertisements, or the ads themselves

Ex: The pop-up was actually malvertising disguised as a system alert. 
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cybercrime
cybercrime
[существительное]

criminal activities carried out through the use of computers or the internet, often involving unauthorized access to computer systems, theft of personal or financial information, fraud, identity theft, or the spread of malicious software

киберпреступность, компьютерное преступление

киберпреступность, компьютерное преступление

Ex: Cybercrime includes activities like hacking, phishing, and malware distribution. 
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piracy
piracy
[существительное]

unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books

пиратство

пиратство

Ex: Online piracy involves the illegal downloading or streaming of copyrighted movies, music, and software from the internet. 
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virus
virus
[существительное]

a harmful program capable of multiplying itself and corrupting files and not allowing a system, like that of a computer, to function properly

вирус

вирус

Ex: The virus damaged important system files. 
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worm
worm
[существительное]

a self-replicating program that spreads across networks without user action

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malicious
malicious
[прилагательное]

(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data

вредоносный

вредоносный

Ex: The antivirus software detected a malicious virus in the system. 
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botnet
botnet
[существительное]

(computing) a network of infected computers controlled remotely by malware

Ex: The botnet launched a massive DDoS attack on the banking site. 
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firewall
firewall
[существительное]

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

брандмауэр

брандмауэр

Ex: The company installed a firewall to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive data on its internal network. 
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antivirus
antivirus
[прилагательное]

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

антивирус

антивирус

Ex: The new antivirus software boasts advanced features for protecting systems from malicious viruses and malware. 
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safe mode
safe mode
[существительное]

(computing) a diagnostic startup mode that loads only essential drivers and services

Ex: She booted the computer in safe mode to remove the stubborn virus. 
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username
username
[существительное]

a unique identifier or name chosen by a user to represent themselves or their account in online platforms, websites, or social media

имя пользователя

имя пользователя

Ex: His username is a combination of his initials and birth year. 
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password
password
[существительное]

a secret group of letters or numbers that allows access to a computer system or service

пароль

пароль

Ex: Don't forget to change your password regularly for security. 
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to log in
to log in
[глагол]

to start using a computer system, online account, or application by doing particular actions

входить в систему

входить в систему

Ex: You need to log in to your bank account to transfer money. 
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to log off
to log off
[глагол]

to stop a connection to an online account or computer system by doing specific actions

выйти из системы

выйти из системы

Ex: I need to log off my work computer before leaving for the day. 
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cybersecurity
cybersecurity
[существительное]

the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from theft, damage, or unauthorized access

кибербезопасность, информационная безопасность

кибербезопасность, информационная безопасность

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access
access
[существительное]

(computer science) the operation of reading or writing stored information

доступ

доступ

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to authenticate
to authenticate
[глагол]

to verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed

аутентифицировать

аутентифицировать

Ex: The system will authenticate your credentials before granting access. 
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