Basic Sciences - Cellular Biology

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle

(biology) the process where a single cell splits itself into two or more daughter cells

to be separated into parts, groups, etc.

(biology) a CD8+ T lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys virus-infected cells by triggering cell death

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

the substance inside the living cells of animals or plants

(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions

(biology) a natural cellular process in which a cell degrades and recycles its own damaged components or organelles

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

(biology) a body tissue that supports, binds, or fills spaces between organs and includes collagen, fat cells, and fibers forming tendons and ligaments

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

(biology) a branched projection on a neuron that receives electrochemical signals from neighboring cells

a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

(biology) the ordered series of stages a cell undergoes to duplicate and divide into two identical daughter cells

(biology) programmed cell death in which a cell deliberately destroys itself to control tissue growth or remove damaged cells

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement