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Basic Sciences - Astronomie

Study terms related to celestial objects, galaxies, cosmic phenomena, lunar phases, eclipses, and astronomical observation.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
astronomer
astronomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
planet
planet
[Podstatné jméno]

a huge round object that moves in an orbit, around the sun, or any other star

planeta, nebeské těleso

planeta, nebeské těleso

Ex: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. 
exoplanet
exoplanet
[Podstatné jméno]

a planet that is outside the solar system

exoplaneta, mimozemská planeta

exoplaneta, mimozemská planeta

Ex: Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets orbiting stars beyond our solar system. 
comet
comet
[Podstatné jméno]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

kometa

kometa

Ex: Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets, visible from Earth approximately every 76 years. 
constellation
constellation
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

souhvězdí, skupina hvězd

souhvězdí, skupina hvězd

Ex: Orion is a well-known constellation visible in the winter sky. 
asteroid
asteroid
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

asteroid, kamenné nebeské těleso

asteroid, kamenné nebeské těleso

Ex: Scientists study asteroids to learn about the early solar system and potential threats to Earth. 
shooting star
shooting star
[Podstatné jméno]

a usually small meteor that burns with a bright light when entering the earth's atmosphere

padající hvězda, meteor

padající hvězda, meteor

Ex: We saw a shooting star while camping in the mountains last night. 
supernova
supernova
[Podstatné jméno]

an exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun

supernova

supernova

Ex: A supernova is a powerful explosion that occurs at the end of a massive star's life cycle. 
satellite
satellite
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural body in space that moves around the earth or other planets

družice, měsíc

družice, měsíc

Ex: The Moon is Earth's satellite, orbiting our planet and affecting tides. 
red dwarf
red dwarf
[Podstatné jméno]

(astronomy) a small, cool, faint star that is much less massive than the Sun and burns its fuel very slowly

Ex: Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in the Milky Way galaxy. 
white dwarf
white dwarf
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

bílý trpaslík, hvězda bílý trpaslík

bílý trpaslík, hvězda bílý trpaslík

Ex: A white dwarf is the final stage in the life cycle of a sun-like star after it has exhausted its nuclear fuel. 
black hole
black hole
[Podstatné jméno]

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

černá díra, temná díra

černá díra, temná díra

Ex: Black holes are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have ended their life cycles and collapsed under their own gravity. 
wormhole
wormhole
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) a theoretical tunnel through space-time that could connect two distant points in the universe

Ex: In science fiction, a wormhole allows spaceships to travel across galaxies instantly. 
cosmic dust
cosmic dust
[Podstatné jméno]

very small particles originally derived from stars, serving as raw material for forming planets, and existing between galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies

kosmický prach, hvězdný prach

kosmický prach, hvězdný prach

Ex: Cosmic dust consists of tiny particles of matter floating in space, primarily composed of elements such as carbon, silicon, and iron. 
dark matter
dark matter
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

temná hmota, černá hmota

temná hmota, černá hmota

Ex: Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. 
galaxy
galaxy
[Podstatné jméno]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

galaxie

galaxie

Ex: Galaxies can vary in shape and size, with types including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, each having distinct structures and characteristics. 
the Milky Way
the Milky Way
[Podstatné jméno]

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Mléčná dráha, Galaxie

Mléčná dráha, Galaxie

Ex: The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. 
telescope
telescope
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible

teleskop, dalekohled

teleskop, dalekohled

Ex: He used a telescope to observe the stars. 
corona
corona
[Podstatné jméno]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

koróna, vnější atmosféra Slunce

koróna, vnější atmosféra Slunce

Ex: During a total solar eclipse, the corona of the Sun becomes visible as a radiant halo around the moon. 
solar
solar
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the sun

solární, heliocentrický

solární, heliocentrický

Ex: Solar eclipses occur when the moon blocks the sun's light. 
sunbeam
sunbeam
[Podstatné jméno]

a single ray or beam of sunlight

zenith
zenith
[Podstatné jméno]

the highest point that a certain celestial body reaches, directly above an observer

zenit, nejvyšší bod

zenit, nejvyšší bod

Ex: At noon, the sun reached its zenith, directly overhead. 
eclipse
eclipse
[Podstatné jméno]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

zatmění, okultace

zatmění, okultace

Ex: We watched the solar eclipse through special protective glasses. 
crescent
crescent
[Podstatné jméno]

a curved shape with narrow points at the ends that appears wider in the middle, like the shape of the moon in its first and last quarters

půlměsíc, srpek měsíce

půlměsíc, srpek měsíce

Ex: The moon hung low in the sky, its slender crescent casting a gentle light. 
full moon
full moon
[Podstatné jméno]

the complete and round-shaped moon as seen from the earth

úplněk, plný měsíc

úplněk, plný měsíc

Ex: The couple decided to take a stroll in the park under the full moon, enjoying a romantic evening. 
half-moon
half-moon
[Podstatné jméno]

the moon when only half of its bright surface can be seen from the earth

půlměsíc, srpek měsíce

půlměsíc, srpek měsíce

Ex: During the evening sky, a captivating half-moon hung just above the horizon. 
new moon
new moon
[Podstatné jméno]

the moon when only a small portion of its bright side is visible from the earth

nov, mladý měsíc

nov, mladý měsíc

Ex: Skywatchers eagerly awaited the appearance of the new moon. 
lunar
lunar
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the moon

měsíční, lunární

měsíční, lunární

Ex: She purchased a lunar calendar to track the phases of the moon. 
to wane
to wane
[sloveso]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

ubývat, snižovat se

ubývat, snižovat se

Ex: The moon began to wane after the full moon. 
to wax
to wax
[sloveso]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

přibývat, růst

přibývat, růst

Ex: As the month progressed, the moon began to wax, growing from a thin crescent to a full moon. 
light-year
light-year
[Podstatné jméno]

the distance that light travels in a year (about 9.46 trillion kilometers)

světelný rok, ly

světelný rok, ly

Ex: Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth, is 4.24 light-years away. 
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