واژگان اروپای مرکزی و شرقی - لهستان

(of an area) to extend over a specific distance

(of a place) characterized by constant activity, with people moving around, interacting, and creating a sense of liveliness

the area with farms, fields, and trees, that is outside cities and towns

to possess many good qualities, advantages, or opportunities

an inhabitant of a particular area or community

used to say that one meant both of the people or things one just mentioned

an area of scenery visible in a single view

containing or composed of sand

to discover, meet, or find someone or something by accident

to extend or pass in a specific direction

land along the sides of a river, canal, etc.

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

a group of mountains or hills in a line

the part located at the further or lower end of something

an establishment that provides vacationers with lodging, food, entertainment, etc.

a place considered especially popular, exciting, or desirable to visit

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

showing the best or most impressive qualities of someone or something

related to a distant past

a large wild mammal of the cow family covered with long hair that is found in North America or Europe

the act of mixing together

to repair a work of art, building, etc. so that it is in a good condition again

the small, rounded stones used historically for paving streets and paths

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

a large and strong building that is protected against attacks, in which the royal family lives

to say something about someone or something, without giving much detail

a city or town near the sea where ships come to load and unload goods and passengers

something excellent or valuable that is not well known

involving many different parts or elements that make something difficult to understand or deal with

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

a global organization of self-governing states that share allegiance to a central authority while remaining independent of one another

the act or process of combining separate entities into a single unit

during a specific period in the past

to deal with a given situation, especially an unpleasant one

a confrontation or clash between opposing groups or individuals

to occupy a territory by force, usually through military conquest or invasion

(of a place) close to another

to get something back, particularly a quality or ability, after losing it

the state of being free from the control of others

to enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it

to experience and be affected by something bad or unpleasant

to a great amount or degree

a person, idea, or thing that motivates or influences someone positively

the downfall, loss, or defeat of someone or something, often irreversible

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

to have achieved great success or made great progress

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

the 24th of December, which is the day before Christmas

a food item that forms part of a recipe or culinary mixture

to give something to someone and receive something else from them

the seed of the cereal grass

‌a mixture of meat, bread, etc. cut into small pieces and put into a long tube of skin, typically sold raw to be cooked before eating

a person who writes music as their profession

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other