to be situated or established in a particular place

nacházet se, být umístěn
to form a boundary around something

ohraničit, obklopit
the boundary between land and water, particularly as seen on a map or from above

pobřeží, pobřežní čára
(of a place) having people or animals living in a place

obydlený, osídlený
to trace the existence or origin of something to a specific point in time

sahají, vracet se
a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizace, společnost
to have a powerful and lasting effect on someone or something

zanechat stopu, výrazně se zapsat
to give something to someone and receive something else from them

vyměnit, prohodit
items made or produced for sale

zboží, produkty
a type of smooth soft fabric made from the threads that silkworms produce

hedvábí
a type of dried plant with a pleasant smell used to add taste or color to the food

koření
a valuable stone that is cut and polished to be used in jewelry making

drahokam, klenot
a building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus

chrám, svatyně
an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

amfiteátr, aréna
(ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat

gladiátor, profesionální bojovník
the state of being connected to or originating from a specific place, culture, or background

kořeny, původ
as time passes or progresses

časem, s postupem času
any musical instruments that can produce sound when its strings are touched or struck

strunný nástroj, chordofon
a stringed instrument used in folk music consisting of a flat thin body and many strings stretched across that is played by fingers or a plectrum

citera, zither
active and full of energy

energický, dynamický
during a particular period or while something is happening

uprostřed, během
a war that is between people who are in the same country

občanská válka, vnitřní konflikt
an open clash or struggle between opposing groups or individuals

konflikt, střet
the state of experiencing discomfort, distress, or hardship

utrpení, bolest
a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

uprchlík, vysídlený
(of a place) characterized by constant activity, with people moving around, interacting, and creating a sense of liveliness
to cause a change in a person, thing, etc.

ovlivnit, změnit
used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

navzdory, přestože
an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

úsilí
Crushed or milled into very fine particles, typically referring to food items, spices, or minerals that have been processed for culinary or industrial uses

mletý, drcený
whole grain of wheat that is partially boiled then dried, especially used in Middle Eastern cuisines

bulgur, lámaná pšenice
having been subjected to heat, often resulting in a warm, browned, or crisp texture

opečený, toastovaný
a plant with seeds, leaves, or flowers used for cooking or medicine, such as mint and parsley

bylina, aromatická rostlina
a small dish that is eaten before the main part of a meal

předkrm, aperitiv
well-seasoned rice (with nuts or currants or minced lamb) simmered or braised in stock

dolma, plněné vinné listy
a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

kuchyně
flat and thin type of bread that contains no yeast

plochý chléb, placka
a baked good made from dough or batter, often sweetened or filled with ingredients like fruit, nuts, or chocolate

pečivo, cukroví
to make something full

naplnit, zaplnit
a small brown fruit with a sweet taste and a hard seed

datle, datle
a small fruit with a seed inside a hard shell that grows on some trees

ořech, plod s tvrdou skořápkou
a large family group consisting of parents and children that might also include grandparents, aunts, or uncles

širší rodina, velká rodina
very important and necessary

ústřední, základní
the activity of telling a story in written or oral form

vyprávění příběhů, umění vyprávění příběhů
to value something or someone's good qualities

oceňovat, vážit si
used to add extra or supplementary information

kromě, mimo
someone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one

příspěvek
a person who is held in jail or prison as punishment for a crime, or while awaiting trial or sentencing

vězeň, odsouzený
a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktatura, diktátorský režim
the condition or state of experiencing severe difficulty or suffering

obtíž, strádání
a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

archeolog
a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

hliněná tabulka, hliněný tablet
to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

pocházet z, datovat se do
a set of symbols or characters used to represent language in a visual or tangible form, allowing communication and the recording of information

psací systém, metoda psaní
an earlier form, source, or related type from which something developed

předek, předchůdce
| Slovní zásoba Blízkého východu | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Iran | Saúdská Arábie | Libanon | Sýrie |
| Irák | Spojené arabské emiráty | Jordánsko | Jemen |
| Omán | |||
