any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonia, terytorium pod kontrolą
the state of being free from the control of others

niepodległość, autonomia
a group of people who share a common culture, language, religion, or ancestry

grupa etniczna, etnos
to show a lot of respect for someone or something

czcić, okazywać szacunek
a blood relative who lived a long time ago, usually before one's grandparents

przodek, przodkowie
to dig out a corpse from the ground, especially from a grave, for examination, reburial, or other purposes

ekshumować, wykopywać
something that we think is true or real

wiara, przekonanie
an object or device used for producing music, such as a violin or a piano

instrument, instrument muzyczny
a cylindrical hollow structure used for conveying fluids, gases, or electrical signals

rura, przewód
a type of plant that grows in tropical regions with a hollow wooden stem

bambus, trzcina
all wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment

dzika przyroda, fauna
to become separated from a larger entity

odłamywać się, oddzielać się
a large-eyed primate with a pointed snout and long ringed tail that is originally from the island of Madagascar

lemur, maki
any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

prymat, małpa
trying to find or obtain someone or something

w poszukiwaniu, szukając
a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

gatunek, gatunki
a primate species native to Madagascar, known for their unique appearance characterized by a long, striped tail with distinctive black and white rings

lemur katta, maki obrożny
(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

zagrożony wyginięciem
the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

wylesianie, wycinka lasów
any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

drapieżnik, łowca
a small furry mammal with sharp claws, long tail and short legs that feed on snakes and small animals, found in Asia and Africa

mangusta, ichneumon
a small slow-paced reptile of the lizard family with a long tongue and rotating eyes, which is able to change color based on its surroundings

kameleon, jaszczurka kameleon
the main wooden body of a tree

pień, kłoda
a part of a tree divided into some other parts on which the leaves grow

gałąź
to keep something in a particular place for later use, typically in a systematic or organized manner

przechowywać, przechować
describing something that has its top at the bottom or is reversed

do góry nogami, odwrócony
a large area of land or of the world with specific characteristics, which is usually borderless

region, obszar
a long, narrow piece of land

pas, wstęga
(of a place) characterized by constant activity, with people moving around, interacting, and creating a sense of liveliness
an area of land that is flat and higher than the land surrounding it

płaskowyż, plateau
a large, open, and grass-covered area

łąka, pastwisko
a desert plant with a lot of spines on a thick stem that stores water

kaktus, roślina kaktusowa
having sharp points or spines

kolczasty, ostry
to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

dostosować się, przystosować się
serious and of great importance

ważny, poważny
to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

ścinać, wycinać
a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

węgiel drzewny, węgiel
to remove something entirely

zmyć, usunąć
currently occurring or continuing

trwający, ciągły
a familiar or humorous name given to someone that is connected with their real name, appearance, or with something they have done

przydomek, ksywa
to jump using one leg

skakać na jednej nodze, podskakiwać
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

bioróżnorodność, różnorodność biologiczna
used to describe something that exists, grows, etc.

znaleźć, odkryć
not in or to any place

nigdzie, donikąd
(of vegetation) growing densely and looking strong and healthy

bujny, lśniący
exceptionally eye-catching or beautiful

uderzający, imponujący
an area of scenery visible in a single view

krajobraz, panorama
to be or remain in a specific state or position

pozostawać, przebywać
out at sea or water from a particular place on the coast

na wodach przy, daleko od
(of a place or atmosphere) full of excitement and energy

ożywiony, energiczny
(of a place or environment) full of activity, energy, and excitement, often with a lot of people moving around and engaged in various tasks or social interactions

tętniący życiem, ożywiony
a person who moves to a new area to live and establish a community

osadnik, kolonista
any of the large land masses of the earth surrounded by sea such as Europe, Africa or Asia

kontynent
to catch or attempt to catch fish with special equipment such as a fishing line and a hook or net

łowić ryby
a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zwyczaj, obyczaj
a person who attacks and robs ships at sea, typically for personal gain

pirat, korsarz
a part of a shoreline that curves inward, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

zatoka, zatoczka
