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a measure of how effectively the kidneys filter waste products from the blood, which is used to assess kidney function and overall health

a diagnostic test examining a urine sample for health indicators and abnormalities

a procedure that uses a thin tube with a light and camera to visually examine the bladder

a medical procedure that involves using a small, flexible tube to examine and treat problems in the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

a medical test that measures the body's ability to excrete acid and assesses kidney function by monitoring changes in urinary pH levels in response to an acid load

a medical test that measures the amount of albumin, a type of protein, in the urine to screen for kidney damage

an imaging test using contrast dye and X-rays to examine the urinary system

a common medical test that measures the levels of creatinine, a waste product from muscle metabolism, in the blood to assess kidney function and monitor renal health

a test that measures the levels of albumin, a type of protein, in the blood to assess liver and kidney function, nutritional status, and overall health

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

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