Cambridge IELTS 18 - Học thuật - Bài kiểm tra 3 - Đọc hiểu - Đoạn văn 1 (1)
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Đố vui
a hard material used for building structures, made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones

bê tông
to produce energy, such as heat, electricity, etc.

sản xuất, tạo ra
a type of gas with no color and smell that is produced by burning carbon or during breathing out

điôxít cacbon, khí cacbonic
any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

lựa chọn thay thế, phương án
any type of gas, particularly carbon dioxide, that contributes to global warming by trapping heat

khí nhà kính, khí góp phần vào sự nóng lên toàn cầu
a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

xi măng
to cause something to occur

dẫn đến, kết quả là
to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

ước tính, đánh giá
an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among member countries

Liên Hợp Quốc
the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

khí thải carbon, sự phát thải khí carbon dioxide
to increase rapidly to a high level

tăng vọt, bay cao
the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

sự nóng lên toàn cầu, biến đổi khí hậu
to introduce new ideas, methods, or products to improve or change the current way of doing things

đổi mới, sáng tạo
(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

hàng hóa, nguyên liệu thô
to substitute or provide an alternative that fulfills the same function or purpose

thay thế, thay thế bằng
a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

kỹ thuật
the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

quy mô, mức độ
a branch of industry dedicated to creating goods on a large scale, typically using machinery and organized processes

sản xuất, công nghiệp
to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

tương đối, so sánh
a large quantity or amount of something

sự phong phú, sự dồi dào
extremely wonderful, excellent, or impressive

tuyệt vời, kỳ diệu
a feature or quality of something

tính chất, đặc điểm
absolutely necessary and of great importance

quan trọng, cần thiết
a part that combines with others to form a larger whole, often separable and functional within a system

thành phần, bộ phận
capable of being molded or modeled (especially of earth or clay or other soft material)

có thể đúc khuôn, dễ uốn nắn
(of a liquid) to assume a solid or hardened form

đông lại, đặc lại
related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

nhiệt, thuộc nhiệt
an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

sự mở rộng, sự phát triển
to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it

củng cố, tăng cường
capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

linh hoạt, mềm dẻo
in regard to what someone has said or written

theo, dựa theo
one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

yếu tố, nhân tố
to surpass or outdo someone or something

vượt qua, hơn hẳn
so outdated or old-fashioned that it feels primitive or backward

trung cổ, lỗi thời
to be the influencing factor that causes something to make progress

thúc đẩy, lái
a person whose job is designing buildings and typically supervising their construction

kiến trúc sư, người thiết kế tòa nhà
to direct one's interest or attention toward a specific subject or activity

hướng về, chú ý đến
trees grown to be used in carpentry or construction

gỗ, khúc gỗ
(usually plural) means such as equipment, money, manpower, etc. that a person or organization can benefit from

nguồn lực, phương tiện
the process of gradually coming into existence

sự xuất hiện, sự nổi lên
to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

xây dựng, dựng lên
to the fullest or complete degree

hoàn toàn, toàn bộ
the presence of liquid, typically water, in a state of wetness or dampness

độ ẩm, sự ẩm ướt
easily affected by external factors

dễ bị ảnh hưởng, nhạy cảm
an insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.

sâu bệnh, động vật gây hại
to apply a substance or process to something in order to protect it, preserve it, or give it special qualities

xử lý, áp dụng một quy trình xử lý
positioned or directed across or at an angle to something else

ngang, chéo
to create a composite material by fusing together multiple layers

ép lớp, dán màng
a substance, such as glue, paste, or tape, that is used to bind two or more surfaces together by creating a bond that resists separation

chất kết dính, keo dán
in a direction or manner that goes across something

ngang, chéo
a person or company that provides goods or services to another business or individual

nhà cung cấp, người cung cấp
an executive officer whose rank is just below the rank of the president of a country and who can act in place of the president in certain cases to fulfill presidential duties

phó tổng thống, phó chủ tịch
costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services

nhu cầu
a factor, force, or influence that initiates or causes a particular action, process, or change

yếu tố, động lực
to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

làm trầm trọng thêm, làm nặng thêm
able to flow smoothly from one container to another without sticking or breaking apart

có thể đổ được, chảy được
designed and made using careful planning, skill, or scientific methods to work in a specific way

được thiết kế, kỹ thuật
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