a
[限定词]
used when we want to talk about a person or thing for the first time or when other people may not know who or what they are

一个, 一
Ex: They were excited to a shooting star in the sky .
the
[限定词]
used when referring to a person or thing that was previously mentioned or one that is identified easily

这个, 那
none
[限定词]
not any of the members of a group of people or things

没有, 一个也没有
Ex: None of the applicants met the qualifications for the job , so the position remained vacant .
any
[限定词]
one or some of a thing or number of things, however large or small

任何(rèn hé), 任意(rèn yì)
Ex: We have plenty of time , so any questions you have .

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