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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Accademico - Test 4 - Lettura - Passaggio 1 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
generation
generation
[sostantivo]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

generazione

generazione

Ex: Cultural changes often occur as one generation passes on traditions and values to the next. 
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reproductive
reproductive
[aggettivo]

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

riproduttivo

riproduttivo

Ex: Reproductive health encompasses aspects like contraception, family planning, and sexually transmitted infection prevention. 

La salute riproduttiva comprende aspetti come la contraccezione, la pianificazione familiare e la prevenzione delle infezioni sessualmente trasmissibili.

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cycle
cycle
[sostantivo]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

ciclo

ciclo

Ex: The butterfly's life cycle includes stages from egg to caterpillar to adult. 
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indeed
indeed
[avverbio]

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

certo, proprio

certo, proprio

Ex: Indeed, it was a remarkable achievement. 

Infatti, è stato un risultato notevole.

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extent
extent
[sostantivo]

the point or degree to which something extends

estensione, grado

estensione, grado

Ex: Researchers studied the extent to which sleep affects memory. 
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roughly
roughly
[avverbio]

without being exact

approssimativamente

approssimativamente

Ex: The distance between the two cities is roughly 100 kilometers. 

La distanza tra le due città è circa 100 chilometri.

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on average
on average
[avverbio]

used to describe the typical or average value or amount based on a set of data or observations

in media

in media

Ex: The restaurant serves on average 200 customers daily. 

Il ristorante serve in media 200 clienti al giorno.

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sign
sign
[sostantivo]

a perceptible indication or clue of something not immediately obvious

indizio, presagio

indizio, presagio

Ex: A change in behavior can be a sign of stress. 
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well-equipped
well-equipped
[aggettivo]

having all the necessary tools, supplies, or features for a specific purpose

equipaggiato

equipaggiato

Ex: A well-equipped workspace makes tasks easier and more efficient. 

Uno spazio di lavoro ben attrezzato rende i compiti più facili ed efficienti.

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to cope
to cope
[Verbo]

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

far fronte

far fronte

Ex: Couples may attend counseling sessions to cope with relationship difficulties and improve communication. 
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to adjust
to adjust
[Verbo]

to become accustomed to a new situation, environment, or way of life

adattarsi,  abituarsi

adattarsi, abituarsi

Ex: Students often need time to adjust when they first move away from home. 
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under
under
[Preposizione]

affected or strained by a force, influence, or condition

sotto, a causa di

sotto, a causa di

Ex: She performed well under pressure. 

Ha performato bene sotto pressione.

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unwillingly
unwillingly
[avverbio]

with a lack of desire or a sense of resistance

malvolentieri, senza entusiasmo

malvolentieri, senza entusiasmo

Ex: The student unwillingly participated in the group project, as teamwork was not their preference. 

Lo studente ha partecipato malvolentieri al progetto di gruppo, poiché il lavoro di squadra non era la sua preferenza.

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unnaturally
unnaturally
[avverbio]

not according to nature; not by natural means

non naturalmente, in modo non naturale

non naturalmente, in modo non naturale

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to seek
to seek
[Verbo]

to make an effort to achieve or obtain something

cercare, ricercare

cercare, ricercare

Ex: He sought to make a difference in the community by volunteering. 
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to pull together

to collect various items or pieces of information into one place or format

riunire, raccogliere

riunire, raccogliere

Ex: To make the report, she pulled all the relevant stats together from different departments. 

Per fare il rapporto, ha riunito tutte le statistiche rilevanti da diversi reparti.

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data
data
[sostantivo]

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

dati

dati

Ex: The census collects demographic data to understand population trends. 
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record
record
[sostantivo]

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

registro, archivio

registro, archivio

Ex: The birth certificate is an official record of one's birth date and place. 
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to submit
to submit
[Verbo]

to present an idea, opinion, or argument for consideration, often in a formal or structured setting

presentare, sottomettere

presentare, sottomettere

Ex: The article submitted that climate change requires immediate global action. 
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enthusiast
enthusiast
[sostantivo]

someone who has a strong interest in a particular activity, subject, or hobby, and really loves learning about it and doing it

entusiasta, appassionato

entusiasta, appassionato

Ex: She is a photography enthusiast who spends weekends capturing landscapes. 
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to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

stimare, valutare

stimare, valutare

Ex: We need to estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget. 
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abundance
abundance
[sostantivo]

a large quantity or amount of something

abbondanza, profusione

abbondanza, profusione

Ex: The festival offered an abundance of activities for visitors of all ages. 

Il festival ha offerto un'abbondanza di attività per visitatori di tutte le età.

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distribution
distribution
[sostantivo]

the pattern or arrangement of objects, organisms, or phenomena across a range, area, or volume

distribuzione, ripartizione

distribuzione, ripartizione

Ex: Urban planners study the distribution of population in cities. 
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along with
along with
[Preposizione]

together with something else

insieme a, assieme a

insieme a, assieme a

Ex: A sense of excitement came along with the announcement. 

Un senso di eccitazione è arrivato insieme a l'annuncio.

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crucially
crucially
[avverbio]

in a manner emphasizing the important nature of an action, event, or situation

crucialmente, in modo cruciale

crucialmente, in modo cruciale

Ex: Understanding customer feedback is crucially vital for refining and improving products and services. 

Comprendere il feedback dei clienti è crucialmente vitale per affinare e migliorare prodotti e servizi.

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subtle
subtle
[aggettivo]

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

sottile

sottile

Ex: The changes to the menu were subtle but effective, enhancing the overall dining experience. 

I cambiamenti al menu erano sottili ma efficaci, migliorando l'esperienza complessiva del pasto.

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adult
adult
[aggettivo]

fully developed and mature

adulto, maturo

adulto, maturo

Ex: The adult cat is independent and no longer needs constant care. 
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variable
variable
[sostantivo]

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

variabile

variabile

Ex: Cost is an important variable when choosing a new car. 
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flexible
flexible
[aggettivo]

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

flessibile

flessibile

Ex: His flexible attitude made it easy for friends to rely on him in tough times. 

Il suo atteggiamento flessibile ha reso facile per gli amici contare su di lui nei momenti difficili.

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likely
likely
[aggettivo]

having a possibility of happening or being the case

probabile

probabile

Ex: The recent increase in sales makes it a likely scenario that the company will expand its operations. 
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emergence
emergence
[sostantivo]

the process of beginning to exist, develop, or become widely known

emergenza, comparsa

emergenza, comparsa

Ex: Scientists are monitoring the emergence of new disease variants. 
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to drive
to drive
[Verbo]

to be the influencing factor that causes something to make progress

guidare, spingere

guidare, spingere

Ex: Entrepreneurship and small businesses have been driving local economic development. 
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individual
individual
[aggettivo]

considered a separate or distinct entity

individuale

individuale

Ex: The study focused on individual differences in learning styles among children. 
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previously
previously
[avverbio]

before the present moment or a specific time

anteriormente

anteriormente

Ex: The project had been proposed and discussed previously by the team, but no concrete plans were made. 

Il progetto era stato proposto e discusso precedentemente dal team, ma non erano stati fatti piani concreti.

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trend
trend
[sostantivo]

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

tendenza

tendenza

Ex: Social media platforms often influence trends in popular culture and communication styles. 
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extent
extent
[sostantivo]

the point or degree to which something extends

estensione, grado

estensione, grado

Ex: Researchers studied the extent to which sleep affects memory. 
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dainty
dainty
[aggettivo]

pleasantly small and attractive, often implying a sense of elegance

grazioso

grazioso

Ex: The dainty ring sparkled on her finger, a symbol of love and commitment. 

L'anello delicato brillava sul suo dito, un simbolo di amore e impegno.

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in line with
in line with
[Preposizione]

used to convey that someone or something is conforming to a particular standard, guideline, or expectation

in linea con,  conformemente a

in linea con, conformemente a

Ex: The project proposal is in line with the client's requirements. 

La proposta del progetto è in linea con i requisiti del cliente.

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stress
stress
[sostantivo]

force applied to a material that produces strain or deformation

tensione, sollecitazione

tensione, sollecitazione

Ex: Thermal expansion creates stress in metal components. 
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to drag
to drag
[Verbo]

to compel or force someone or something to come along against their will

trascinare, tirare

trascinare, tirare

Ex: The fearless explorer had to drag his weary companions up the steep mountain slope to reach the summit. 
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across
across
[Preposizione]

during a period of time

attraverso, nel corso di

attraverso, nel corso di

Ex: His thoughts were relevant across the course of history. 

I suoi pensieri erano rilevanti nel corso della storia.

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colony
colony
[sostantivo]

a group of animals, plants, or other organisms of the same kind living or growing together

colonia

colonia

Ex: The plants form dense colonies along the riverbank. 
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northward
northward
[avverbio]

to the direction of north

verso nord, nordward

verso nord, nordward

Ex: The highway stretched northward, connecting bustling cities along its route. 

L'autostrada si estendeva verso nord, collegando città vivaci lungo il suo percorso.

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