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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Teste 2 - Leitura - Passagem 1 (1)

Aprenda vocabulário da primeira parte do Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 1, com palavras e expressões úteis do texto.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
textile
textile
[substantivo]

cloth or fabric produced by weaving, knitting, felting, or similar processes

tecido

tecido

Ex: The artist combines wood, metal, and textiles in her work. 
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foundation
foundation
[substantivo]

the core principles or base upon which something is started, developed, calculated, or explained

fundamento, base

fundamento, base

Ex: A strong moral foundation is essential for building a cohesive and ethical community. 
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to date back

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

remontar a, datar de

remontar a, datar de

Ex: The historic mansion's construction dates back to the early 19th century. 

A construção da mansão histórica remonta ao início do século XIX.

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steam engine
steam engine
[substantivo]

a machine that uses steam made from boiling water to produce power and make parts move

máquina a vapor, motor a vapor

máquina a vapor, motor a vapor

Ex: The steam engine changed travel and work in the 1800s. 

A máquina a vapor mudou as viagens e o trabalho no século XIX.

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atmospheric
atmospheric
[adjetivo]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

atmosférico, relacionado à atmosfera

atmosférico, relacionado à atmosfera

Ex: Atmospheric pollution from factories and vehicles contributes to air quality issues in urban areas. 

A poluição atmosférica de fábricas e veículos contribui para problemas de qualidade do ar em áreas urbanas.

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originally
originally
[advérbio]

at the initial state, purpose, or condition of something before any changes occurred

originalmente, inicialmente

originalmente, inicialmente

Ex: She originally planned to study law but switched to medicine. 

Ela originalmente planejava estudar direito, mas mudou para medicina.

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to power
to power
[verbo]

to supply with the needed energy to make something work

alimentar,  fornecer energia

alimentar, fornecer energia

Ex: Wind turbines power the entire town, providing a sustainable energy source. 
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to pump
to pump
[verbo]

to force a liquid or gas to move in a particular direction by mechanical pressure or suction

Ex: They had pumped most of the water out of the basement by morning. 
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mine
mine
[substantivo]

a deep hole or large tunnel in the ground where workers dig for salt, gold, coal, etc.

mina, jazida

mina, jazida

Ex: The diamond mine was known for its rare gemstones. 
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Scottish
Scottish
[adjetivo]

belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language

escocês, da Escócia

escocês, da Escócia

Ex: He is proud of his Scottish heritage and family traditions. 
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engineer
engineer
[substantivo]

a person who designs, fixes, or builds roads, machines, bridges, etc.

engenheiro, técnico

engenheiro, técnico

Ex: The engineer designs cars and improves their performance. 
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to adapt
to adapt
[verbo]

to change something so that it is suitable for a different purpose, situation, or need

adaptar, ajustar

adaptar, ajustar

Ex: The equipment has been adapted for people with limited mobility. 
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efficient
efficient
[adjetivo]

(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money

eficiente, eficaz

eficiente, eficaz

Ex: An efficient irrigation system conserves water while ensuring crops receive adequate moisture. 
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manufacturer
manufacturer
[substantivo]

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

fabricante, produtor

fabricante, produtor

Ex: The manufacturer faced delays due to supply chain issues but managed to recover quickly. 
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to drive
to drive
[verbo]

to generate the power necessary to make a machine work

acionar, impulsionar

acionar, impulsionar

Ex: Wind turbines are designed to drive electricity generators. 
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piston
piston
[substantivo]

a solid, round part that moves back and forth inside a hollow tube in an engine or machine, helping to push or pull gases or liquids, or to turn pressure into movement

pistão, êmbolo

pistão, êmbolo

Ex: A pump uses a piston to move water. 

Uma bomba usa um pistão para mover água.

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to produce
to produce
[verbo]

(of a country, region, or a process) to yield, supply, or bring forth

produzir, fornecer

produzir, fornecer

Ex: This region produces most of the country's wheat. 
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rotary motion
rotary motion
[substantivo]

a type of movement where something turns or spins around a central point or line

movimento rotatório, movimento de rotação

movimento rotatório, movimento de rotação

Ex: A windmill works with rotary motion. 

Um moinho de vento funciona com movimento rotativo.

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innovation
innovation
[substantivo]

a new idea, method, product, or practice that has been introduced

inovação

inovação

Ex: One of the museum's exhibits highlights major innovations in transportation. 
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demand
demand
[substantivo]

costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services

demanda

demanda

Ex: During the holiday season, there is a surge in demand for toys and electronics. 
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coal
coal
[substantivo]

a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy

carvão, hulha

carvão, hulha

Ex: The power station burns coal to generate electricity. 
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relatively
relatively
[advérbio]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

relativamente, comparativamente

relativamente, comparativamente

Ex: His explanation was relatively clear, though still a bit confusing. 

Sua explicação foi relativamente clara, embora ainda um pouco confusa.

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rapidly
rapidly
[advérbio]

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

rapidamente, a toda velocidade

rapidamente, a toda velocidade

Ex: She rapidly finished her homework before dinner. 

Ela terminou rapidamente seu dever de casa antes do jantar.

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to run
to run
[verbo]

to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks

fazer funcionar, colocar em funcionamento

fazer funcionar, colocar em funcionamento

Ex: She ran the dishwasher after dinner. 
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steam-powered
steam-powered
[adjetivo]

working by using the force of steam made from boiling water

a vapor, movido a vapor

a vapor, movido a vapor

Ex: Steam-powered tools made work faster. 

Ferramentas a vapor tornaram o trabalho mais rápido.

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transportation
transportation
[substantivo]

a system or method for carrying people or goods from one place to another by cars, trains, etc.

transporte

transporte

Ex: The government invested in eco-friendly transportation. 

O governo investiu em transporte ecológico.

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locomotive
locomotive
[substantivo]

a powered railroad vehicle that pulls a train along

locomotiva, máquina de trem

locomotiva, máquina de trem

Ex: Several locomotives are used to move heavy trains through the mountains. 
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passenger
passenger
[substantivo]

someone traveling in a vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc. who is not the pilot, driver, or a crew member

passageiro, viajante

passageiro, viajante

Ex: The bus was crowded with passengers during the morning commute. 
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industrial
industrial
[adjetivo]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

industrial, fabril

industrial, fabril

Ex: Industrial design focuses on creating products that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. 

O design industrial foca na criação de produtos que são funcionais e esteticamente agradáveis.

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industrial revolution

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

revolução industrial, Revolução Industrial

revolução industrial, Revolução Industrial

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about profound economic, social, and technological changes that continue to shape the modern world. 

A Revolução Industrial trouxe profundas mudanças econômicas, sociais e tecnológicas que continuam a moldar o mundo moderno.

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mid
mid
[adjetivo]

being at or approximately in the middle of a range, period, or place

médio,  meio

médio, meio

Ex: The region experienced rapid growth during the mid twentieth century. 
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to spread
to spread
[verbo]

to extend or increase in influence or effect over a larger area or group of people

espalhar, difundir

espalhar, difundir

Ex: Fear of the outbreak spread throughout the city. 
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including
including
[preposição]

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

incluindo, incluso

incluindo, incluso

Ex: The trip covers all expenses, including flights and accommodation. 

A viagem cobre todas as despesas, incluindo voos e alojamento.

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largely
largely
[advérbio]

for the greatest part

em grande parte, principalmente

em grande parte, principalmente

Ex: The issue was largely ignored by the mainstream media. 

O problema foi em grande parte ignorado pela mídia tradicional.

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rural
rural
[adjetivo]

related to or characteristic of the countryside

rural, campestre

rural, campestre

Ex: The rural economy is closely tied to activities such as farming, fishing, and forestry. 

A economia rural está intimamente ligada a atividades como agricultura, pesca e silvicultura.

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agrarian
agrarian
[adjetivo]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agrário, agrícola

agrário, agrícola

Ex: The agrarian landscape stretched for miles, with fields of crops as far as the eye could see. 

A paisagem agrária estendia-se por milhas, com campos de cultivos até onde a vista alcançava.

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to transform

to undergo a significant change in form, appearance, character, or nature

transformar

transformar

Ex: The landscape transforms completely when winter arrives. 
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industrialized
industrialized
[adjetivo]

(of a country or region) having undergone significant economic and technological development

industrializado, altamente industrializado

industrializado, altamente industrializado

Ex: Industrialized nations tend to have stronger economies due to their manufacturing capabilities. 

As nações industrializadas tendem a ter economias mais fortes devido às suas capacidades de fabricação.

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urban
urban
[adjetivo]

describing the physical setting, culture, or lifestyle typically found in cities

urbano, citadino

urbano, citadino

Ex: They moved to an urban area to be closer to their workplace and amenities. 

Eles se mudaram para uma área urbana para ficarem mais perto do local de trabalho e das comodidades.

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goods
goods
[substantivo]

items made or produced for sale

mercadorias,  produtos

mercadorias, produtos

Ex: He decided to donate his gently used goods to charity, hoping to help those in need. 

Ele decidiu doar seus bens levemente usados para caridade, na esperança de ajudar os necessitados.

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to craft
to craft
[verbo]

to make or create something with skill and careful attention

elaborar, criar

elaborar, criar

Ex: She spent weeks crafting the decorations for the festival. 
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by hand
by hand
[advérbio]

with the hands or physical effort rather than relying on machines or tools

à mão, manualmente

à mão, manualmente

Ex: The tailor sewed the dress by hand, paying attention to every detail. 

O alfaiate costurou o vestido à mão, prestando atenção a cada detalhe.

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mass
mass
[adjetivo]

involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively

massivo, coletivo

massivo, coletivo

Ex: Mass production techniques have made many goods more affordable. 
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quantity
quantity
[substantivo]

the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group

quantidade, número

quantidade, número

Ex: The scientist measured the quantity of rainfall over the course of a month. 
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machine
machine
[substantivo]

any piece of equipment that is mechanical, electric, etc. and performs a particular task

máquina, aparelho

máquina, aparelho

Ex: The MRI machine is used for medical imaging in hospitals. 
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manufacturing
manufacturing
[substantivo]

the process of making or producing goods, especially in large quantities, typically using machinery or labor

fabricação, produção

fabricação, produção

Ex: The manufacturing of smartphones requires a complex assembly process. 

A fabricação de smartphones requer um processo de montagem complexo.

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center
center
[substantivo]

a place where a certain activity, business, or interest is mostly gathered or focused

centro, núcleo

centro, núcleo

Ex: The country is known as a center of art and culture. 
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in addition
in addition
[advérbio]

used to introduce further information

além disso, adicionalmente

além disso, adicionalmente

Ex: The event was well-organized; the decorations, in addition, were stunning. 

O evento foi bem organizado; além disso, as decorações estavam deslumbrantes.

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widely
widely
[advérbio]

in a manner accepted, used, or practiced by a large number of people or throughout many locations

amplamente,  comumente

amplamente, comumente

Ex: Social media platforms are widely accessed by users around the world. 

As plataformas de mídia social são amplamente acessadas por usuários em todo o mundo.

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along
along
[preposição]

used to indicate motion in a continuous direction on a surface or path

ao longo de, por

ao longo de, por

Ex: The car drove slowly along the winding country road. 

O carro dirigiu lentamente ao longo da estrada rural sinuosa.

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canal
canal
[substantivo]

a long artificial waterway built for boats to travel along or for carrying water from one place to another

Ex: The canal connects the river with the harbor. 
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gear
gear
[substantivo]

a mechanical assembly used to transmit or control motion or power

engrenagem,  mecanismo

engrenagem, mecanismo

Ex: Daniel found a fault in the gear that operates the door. 
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mechanism
mechanism
[substantivo]

a mechanical device or system with moving parts that work together to perform a specific function

mecanismo

mecanismo

Ex: The mechanism inside the toy makes it walk forward when wound up. 
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power
power
[substantivo]

the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines

energia, potência

energia, potência

Ex: The power plant supplies electricity to the entire city. 
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making
making
[substantivo]

the act or process of producing, creating, or preparing something

criação,  fabricação

criação, fabricação

Ex: The making of cheese requires careful control of temperature. 
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stroke
stroke
[substantivo]

one movement in a series of repeated actions where something moves back and forth or up and down

golpe, movimento

golpe, movimento

Ex: The clock ticked with the stroke of its pendulum. 
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source
source
[substantivo]

(technology) the origin or starting point of data, energy, or a process

fonte, origem

fonte, origem

Ex: The code's source file was stored in the repository. 
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