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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 2 - Pagbasa - Talata 1 (1)

Learn vocabulary from the first part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Pagsusulit

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
textile
textile
[Pangngalan]

any type of knitted, felted or woven cloth

textile, tela

textile, tela

Ex: The factory produces high-quality textiles for clothing. 

Ang pabrika ay gumagawa ng mataas na kalidad na tela para sa damit.

foundation
foundation
[Pangngalan]

the core principles or base upon which something is started, developed, calculated, or explained

pundasyon, batayan

pundasyon, batayan

Ex: The scientific foundation of the theory is based on extensive experimentation and data analysis. 

Ang siyentipikong pundasyon ng teorya ay batay sa malawak na eksperimentasyon at pagsusuri ng datos.

to date back
to date back
[Pandiwa]

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

Ex: The ancient ruins in the valley date back to the time of the Roman Empire. 

Ang sinaunang mga guho sa lambak ay nagmula pa noong panahon ng Imperyong Romano.

steam engine
steam engine
[Pangngalan]

a machine that uses steam made from boiling water to produce power and make parts move

makina ng singaw, engine ng singaw

makina ng singaw, engine ng singaw

Ex: The steam engine helped start the Industrial Revolution. 

Tumulong ang steam engine na simulan ang Industrial Revolution.

atmospheric
atmospheric
[pang-uri]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

pang-atmospera, may kaugnayan sa atmospera

pang-atmospera, may kaugnayan sa atmospera

Ex: Atmospheric conditions can affect weather patterns and climate. 

Ang mga kondisyong atmosperiko ay maaaring makaapekto sa mga pattern ng panahon at klima.

originally
originally
[pang-abay]

at the initial state, purpose, or condition of something before any changes occurred

noong una, sa simula

noong una, sa simula

Ex: The building originally housed a library before becoming a café. 

Ang gusali noong una ay isang silid-aklatan bago naging isang café.

to power
to power
[Pandiwa]

to supply with the needed energy to make something work

bigyan ng kuryente,  magbigay ng enerhiya

bigyan ng kuryente, magbigay ng enerhiya

Ex: Electric cars are powered by rechargeable batteries, making them an eco-friendly transportation option. 

Ang mga de-kuryenteng kotse ay pinapagana ng mga bateryang maaaring i-recharge, na ginagawa silang isang eco-friendly na opsyon sa transportasyon.

to pump
to pump
[Pandiwa]

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

magbomba, itulak

magbomba, itulak

Ex: The gas station attendant helped pump fuel into the car's tank. 

Tumulong ang gas station attendant na mag-pump ng gasolina sa tangke ng kotse.

mine
mine
[Pangngalan]

a deep hole or large tunnel in the ground where workers dig for salt, gold, coal, etc.

mina, hukay

mina, hukay

Ex: The government regulated safety measures in the uranium mine to protect workers from radiation exposure. 

Ang pamahalaan ay nag-regulate ng mga hakbang sa kaligtasan sa mina ng uranium upang protektahan ang mga manggagawa mula sa pagkakalantad sa radiation.

Scottish
Scottish
[pang-uri]

belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language

Scottish, ng Scotland

Scottish, ng Scotland

Ex: She enjoys listening to traditional Scottish music. 

Nasasabik siyang makinig ng tradisyonal na musikang Scottish.

engineer
engineer
[Pangngalan]

a person who designs, fixes, or builds roads, machines, bridges, etc.

inhinyero, teknisyan

inhinyero, teknisyan

Ex: An engineer's job is to apply scientific principles to solve engineering challenges. 

Ang trabaho ng isang inhinyero ay ilapat ang mga prinsipyo ng agham upang malutas ang mga hamon sa engineering.

to adapt
to adapt
[Pandiwa]

to change something in a way that suits a new purpose or situation better

umangkop, baguhin

umangkop, baguhin

Ex: The company had to adapt its marketing strategy to reach a global audience. 

Ang kumpanya ay kailangang i-adapt ang estratehiya nito sa marketing upang maabot ang isang pandaigdigang madla.

efficient
efficient
[pang-uri]

(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money

mahusay, mabisa

mahusay, mabisa

Ex: The efficient assembly line increased productivity while reducing production costs. 
manufacturer
manufacturer
[Pangngalan]

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

tagagawa, prodyuser

tagagawa, prodyuser

Ex: The car manufacturer introduced a new model that promised better fuel efficiency. 

Ang tagagawa ng kotse ay nagpakilala ng isang bagong modelo na nangangako ng mas mahusay na kahusayan sa gasolina.

to drive
to drive
[Pandiwa]

to generate the power necessary to make a machine work

paandarin, patakbuhin

paandarin, patakbuhin

Ex: The motor drives the conveyor belt in the factory. 

Ang motor ay nagpapatakbo ng conveyor belt sa pabrika.

piston
piston
[Pangngalan]

a solid, round part that moves back and forth inside a hollow tube in an engine or machine, helping to push or pull gases or liquids, or to turn pressure into movement

piston, piston baras

piston, piston baras

Ex: The piston moves up and down inside the engine. 

Ang piston ay gumagalaw pataas at pababa sa loob ng makina.

to produce
to produce
[Pandiwa]

(of a country, region, or a process) to yield, supply, or bring forth

gumawa, magbigay

gumawa, magbigay

Ex: The California vineyards produce excellent wines. 

Ang mga ubasan ng California ay nagproduce ng mahusay na mga alak.

rotary motion
rotary motion
[Pangngalan]

a type of movement where something turns or spins around a central point or line

pag-ikot na galaw, rotaryong kilos

pag-ikot na galaw, rotaryong kilos

Ex: A windmill works with rotary motion. 

Ang isang windmill ay gumagana sa rotary motion.

innovation
innovation
[Pangngalan]

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

pagbabago, inobasyon

pagbabago, inobasyon

Ex: Innovation drives progress in every industry. 

Ang pagbabago ay nagtutulak ng pag-unlad sa bawat industriya.

demand
demand
[Pangngalan]

costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services

pangangailangan

pangangailangan

Ex: The pandemic led to a shift in demand for online shopping and delivery services. 

Ang pandemya ay nagdulot ng pagbabago sa demand para sa online shopping at mga serbisyo ng delivery.

coal
coal
[Pangngalan]

a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy

karbon, uling

karbon, uling

Ex: The mining and burning of coal can have detrimental environmental impacts, including air and water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. 

Ang pagmimina at pagsusunog ng karbon ay maaaring magkaroon ng nakakapinsalang epekto sa kapaligiran, kabilang ang polusyon sa hangin at tubig, pati na rin ang mga emisyon ng greenhouse gas na nag-aambag sa pagbabago ng klima.

relatively
relatively
[pang-abay]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

medyo, ihambing

medyo, ihambing

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 

Ang pagsusulit ay medyo madali kumpara sa huli.

rapidly
rapidly
[pang-abay]

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

mabilis, nang mabilis

mabilis, nang mabilis

Ex: The river flowed rapidly after heavy rainfall. 

Ang ilog ay dumaloy mabilis pagkatapos ng malakas na ulan.

to run
to run
[Pandiwa]

to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks

patakbuhin, paandarin

patakbuhin, paandarin

Ex: He ran the washing machine to clean his clothes. 

Pinatakbo niya ang washing machine para linisin ang kanyang mga damit.

steam-powered
steam-powered
[pang-uri]

working by using the force of steam made from boiling water

pinapatakbo ng singaw, de-singaw

pinapatakbo ng singaw, de-singaw

Ex: Steam-powered tools made work faster. 

Ang mga tool na pinapatakbo ng singaw ay nagpabilis sa trabaho.

transportation
transportation
[Pangngalan]

a system or method for carrying people or goods from one place to another by cars, trains, etc.

transportasyon

transportasyon

Ex: Public transportation is cheaper than driving. 

Ang pampublikong transportasyon ay mas mura kaysa sa pagmamaneho.

locomotive
locomotive
[Pangngalan]

a powered railroad vehicle that pulls a train along

lokomotibo, makina ng tren

lokomotibo, makina ng tren

passenger
passenger
[Pangngalan]

someone traveling in a vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc. who is not the pilot, driver, or a crew member

pasahero, manlalakbay

pasahero, manlalakbay

Ex: She often reads a book to pass the time when she's a passenger on long road trips. 

Madalas siyang magbasa ng libro para mapaglipasan ang oras kapag siya ay pasahero sa mahabang biyahe sa kalsada.

industrial
industrial
[pang-uri]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

pang-industriya, may kinalaman sa industriya

pang-industriya, may kinalaman sa industriya

Ex: The city's economy thrived due to its industrial base, which included manufacturing plants and factories. 

Umunlad ang ekonomiya ng lungsod dahil sa pang-industriya nitong base, na kinabibilangan ng mga planta ng pagmamanupaktura at mga pabrika.

industrial revolution

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

rebolusyong industriyal, Rebolusyong Industriyal

rebolusyong industriyal, Rebolusyong Industriyal

Ex: The Industrial Revolution transformed society by introducing machinery and steam power to manufacturing processes. 

Ang Industrial Revolution ay nagbago sa lipunan sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakilala ng makinarya at steam power sa mga proseso ng pagmamanupaktura.

mid
mid
[pang-uri]

approximately in the middle of a range or period

gitna, kalagitnaan

gitna, kalagitnaan

Ex: He is in his mid-twenties and recently started a new job. 

Siya ay nasa gitna ng kanyang dalawampu't at kamakailan lamang ay nagsimula ng isang bagong trabaho.

to spread
to spread
[Pandiwa]

to extend or increase in influence or effect over a larger area or group of people

kumalat, magkalat

kumalat, magkalat

Ex: The flu virus can easily spread in crowded places. 

Ang flu virus ay madaling kumalat sa mga mataong lugar.

including
including
[Preposisyon]

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

kasama, kabilang

kasama, kabilang

Ex: He has visited many countries, including France, Italy, and Spain. 

Nakabisita na siya sa maraming bansa, kasama na ang France, Italy, at Spain.

largely
largely
[pang-abay]

for the greatest part

higit sa lahat, pangunahin

higit sa lahat, pangunahin

Ex: The success of the campaign was largely due to social media engagement. 

Ang tagumpay ng kampanya ay higit na dahil sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa social media.

rural
rural
[pang-uri]

related to or characteristic of the countryside

panlalawigan, nauukol sa kanayunan

panlalawigan, nauukol sa kanayunan

Ex: He grew up in a rural village surrounded by farmland and forests. 

Lumaki siya sa isang nayon na napapaligiran ng mga lupang sakahan at kagubatan.

agrarian
agrarian
[pang-uri]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agraryo, pang-agrikultura

agraryo, pang-agrikultura

Ex: The agrarian community relies on farming as the main source of livelihood. 

Ang agraryo na komunidad ay umaasa sa pagsasaka bilang pangunahing pinagkukunan ng kabuhayan.

to transform
to transform
[Pandiwa]

to be subject to change in form, appearance, or nature

magbago, mabago

magbago, mabago

Ex: Over time, the caterpillar transforms into a butterfly. 

Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang uod ay nagbabago sa paru-paro.

industrialized
industrialized
[pang-uri]

(of a country or region) having undergone significant economic and technological development

industriyalisado, lubos na industriyalisado

industriyalisado, lubos na industriyalisado

Ex: The country became highly industrialized after the introduction of new machinery. 

Ang bansa ay naging lubos na industriyalisado pagkatapos ng pagpapakilala ng mga bagong makinarya.

urban
urban
[pang-uri]

describing the physical setting, culture, or lifestyle typically found in cities

urban, lungsod

urban, lungsod

Ex: The urban landscape was filled with skyscrapers and bustling streets. 

Ang tanawing urban ay puno ng mga skyscraper at masiglang kalye.

goods
goods
[Pangngalan]

items made or produced for sale

kalakal,  produkto

kalakal, produkto

Ex: The store offers a wide range of goods, from fresh produce to handmade crafts. 

Ang tindahan ay nag-aalok ng malawak na hanay ng mga kalakal, mula sa sariwang produkto hanggang sa mga gawang-kamay na crafts.

to craft
to craft
[Pandiwa]

to skillfully make something, particularly with the hands

gumawa, yariin

gumawa, yariin

Ex: Artists often craft sculptures from various materials, expressing their creativity. 

Ang mga artista ay madalas na gumagawa ng mga iskultura mula sa iba't ibang materyales, na nagpapahayag ng kanilang pagkamalikhain.

by hand
by hand
[pang-abay]

with the hands or physical effort rather than relying on machines or tools

sa kamay, mano-mano

sa kamay, mano-mano

Ex: He painted the fence by hand, carefully applying each stroke with a brush. 

Pininturahan niya ang bakod nang manual, maingat na inilalapat ang bawat stroke gamit ang brush.

mass
mass
[pang-uri]

involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively

maramihan, kolektibo

maramihan, kolektibo

Ex: The internet allows for mass distribution of information to global audiences. 
quantity
quantity
[Pangngalan]

the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group

dami, bilang

dami, bilang

Ex: She bought a large quantity of apples for the upcoming event. 

Bumili siya ng malaking dami ng mga mansanas para sa darating na kaganapan.

machine
machine
[Pangngalan]

any piece of equipment that is mechanical, electric, etc. and performs a particular task

makina, aparato

makina, aparato

Ex: The ATM machine was out of service due to technical issues. 

Ang ATM machine (machine) ay hindi gumagana dahil sa mga teknikal na isyu.

manufacturing
manufacturing
[Pangngalan]

the process of making or producing goods, especially in large quantities, typically using machinery or labor

paggawa, produksyon

paggawa, produksyon

Ex: The manufacturing of textiles in the region has created many new jobs. 

Ang paggawa ng mga tela sa rehiyon ay nakalikha ng maraming bagong trabaho.

center
center
[Pangngalan]

a place where a certain activity, business, or interest is mostly gathered or focused

sentro, pusod

sentro, pusod

Ex: The city grew as a center of metalwork. 

Ang lungsod ay lumago bilang isang sentro ng metalwork.

in addition
in addition
[pang-abay]

used to introduce further information

bukod pa, dagdag pa

bukod pa, dagdag pa

Ex: We need to buy milk, bread, and eggs.  In addition, we should pick up some fruit for snacks. 

Kailangan nating bumili ng gatas, tinapay, at itlog. Bukod pa rito, dapat tayong kumuha ng ilang prutas para sa meryenda.

widely
widely
[pang-abay]

in a manner accepted, used, or practiced by a large number of people or throughout many locations

malawakan,  karaniwan

malawakan, karaniwan

Ex: The new smartphone model is widely available in stores. 

Ang bagong modelo ng smartphone ay malawakang available sa mga tindahan.

along
along
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate motion in a continuous direction on a surface or path

kasama, sa tabi

kasama, sa tabi

Ex: We walked along the beach, enjoying the sunset. 

Naglakad kami sa kahabaan ng beach, habang tinatamasa ang paglubog ng araw.

canal
canal
[Pangngalan]

a long and artificial passage built and filled with water for ships to travel along or used to transfer water to other places

kanal, daanan ng tubig

kanal, daanan ng tubig

Ex: The ship sailed through the canal, heading toward the harbor. 

Ang barko ay naglayag sa kanal, patungo sa daungan.

gear
gear
[Pangngalan]

a set of mechanical parts or devices that transmit and control power or motion in a machine or vehicle

gear, mekanismo

gear, mekanismo

Ex: The steering gear connects the steering wheel to the front wheels. 
mechanism
mechanism
[Pangngalan]

a system of separate parts acting together in order to perform a task

mekanismo,  aparato

mekanismo, aparato

Ex: The locking mechanism on the door jammed and wouldn't turn. 
power
power
[Pangngalan]

the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines

enerhiya, kapangyarihan

enerhiya, kapangyarihan

Ex: The computer shut down suddenly due to a power surge. 

Biglang namatay ang computer dahil sa biglaang pagtaas ng kuryente.

making
making
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of forming, producing, creating, or preparing something

paggawa, paglikha

paggawa, paglikha

Ex: She enjoyed the making of handmade clothes. 

Nasiyahan siya sa paggawa ng mga kamay na gawang damit.

stroke
stroke
[Pangngalan]

one movement in a series of repeated actions where something moves back and forth or up and down

palo, galaw

palo, galaw

Ex: The pump sent water up with every stroke of its handle. 

Ang bomba ay nagpadala ng tubig pataas sa bawat hagod ng hawakan nito.

source
source
[Pangngalan]

(technology) the origin or starting point of data, energy, or a process

pinagmulan, simula

pinagmulan, simula

Ex: He switched the input source to connect the external monitor. 

Pinalitan niya ang pinagmulan ng input para ikonekta ang external monitor.

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