Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 2 - Pagbasa - Talata 1 (1)
Learn vocabulary from the first part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.
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mga anyo
Pagbaybay
Pagsusulit
cloth or fabric produced by weaving, knitting, felting, or similar processes
tela
the core principles or base upon which something is started, developed, calculated, or explained
pundasyon, batayan
to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time
nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa
Ang sinaunang mga guho sa lambak ay nagmula pa noong panahon ng Imperyong Romano.
a machine that uses steam made from boiling water to produce power and make parts move
makina ng singaw, engine ng singaw
Tumulong ang steam engine na simulan ang Industrial Revolution.
having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere
pang-atmospera, may kaugnayan sa atmospera
Ang mga kondisyong atmosperiko ay maaaring makaapekto sa mga pattern ng panahon at klima.
at the initial state, purpose, or condition of something before any changes occurred
noong una, sa simula
Ang gusali noong una ay isang silid-aklatan bago naging isang café.
to supply with the needed energy to make something work
bigyan ng kuryente, magbigay ng enerhiya
to force a liquid or gas to move in a particular direction by mechanical pressure or suction
magbomba, magpasan
a deep hole or large tunnel in the ground where workers dig for salt, gold, coal, etc.
mina, hukay
belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language
Scottish, ng Scotland
a person who designs, fixes, or builds roads, machines, bridges, etc.
inhinyero, teknisyan
to change something so that it is suitable for a different purpose, situation, or need
iakma, iadapt
(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money
mahusay, mabisa
a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products
tagagawa, prodyuser
to generate the power necessary to make a machine work
paandarin, patakbuhin
a solid, round part that moves back and forth inside a hollow tube in an engine or machine, helping to push or pull gases or liquids, or to turn pressure into movement
piston, piston baras
Ang piston ay gumagalaw pataas at pababa sa loob ng makina.
(of a country, region, or a process) to yield, supply, or bring forth
gumawa, magbigay
a type of movement where something turns or spins around a central point or line
pag-ikot na galaw, rotaryong kilos
Ang isang windmill ay gumagana sa rotary motion.
a new idea, method, product, or practice that has been introduced
pagbabago
costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services
pangangailangan
a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy
karbon, uling
to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things
medyo, ihambing
Ang pagsusulit ay medyo madali kumpara sa huli.
in a way that is very quick and often unexpected
mabilis, nang mabilis
Ang ilog ay dumaloy mabilis pagkatapos ng malakas na ulan.
to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks
patakbuhin, paandarin
working by using the force of steam made from boiling water
pinapatakbo ng singaw, de-singaw
Ang mga tool na pinapatakbo ng singaw ay nagpabilis sa trabaho.
a system or method for carrying people or goods from one place to another by cars, trains, etc.
transportasyon
Ang pampublikong transportasyon ay mas mura kaysa sa pagmamaneho.
a powered railroad vehicle that pulls a train along
lokomotibo, makina ng tren
someone traveling in a vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc. who is not the pilot, driver, or a crew member
pasahero, manlalakbay
related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale
pang-industriya, may kinalaman sa industriya
Umunlad ang ekonomiya ng lungsod dahil sa pang-industriya nitong base, na kinabibilangan ng mga planta ng pagmamanupaktura at mga pabrika.
the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain
rebolusyong industriyal, Rebolusyong Industriyal
Ang Industrial Revolution ay nagbago sa lipunan sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakilala ng makinarya at steam power sa mga proseso ng pagmamanupaktura.
being at or approximately in the middle of a range, period, or place
gitna, katamtaman
to extend or increase in influence or effect over a larger area or group of people
kumalat, magkalat
used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group
kasama, kabilang
Nakabisita na siya sa maraming bansa, kasama na ang France, Italy, at Spain.
for the greatest part
higit sa lahat, pangunahin
Ang tagumpay ng kampanya ay higit na dahil sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa social media.
related to or characteristic of the countryside
panlalawigan, nauukol sa kanayunan
Lumaki siya sa isang nayon na napapaligiran ng mga lupang sakahan at kagubatan.
related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life
agraryo, pang-agrikultura
Ang agraryo na komunidad ay umaasa sa pagsasaka bilang pangunahing pinagkukunan ng kabuhayan.
to undergo a significant change in form, appearance, character, or nature
magbago
(of a country or region) having undergone significant economic and technological development
industriyalisado, lubos na industriyalisado
Ang bansa ay naging lubos na industriyalisado pagkatapos ng pagpapakilala ng mga bagong makinarya.
describing the physical setting, culture, or lifestyle typically found in cities
urban, lungsod
Ang tanawing urban ay puno ng mga skyscraper at masiglang kalye.
items made or produced for sale
kalakal, produkto
Ang tindahan ay nag-aalok ng malawak na hanay ng mga kalakal, mula sa sariwang produkto hanggang sa mga gawang-kamay na crafts.
to make or create something with skill and careful attention
lumikha, gumawa
with the hands or physical effort rather than relying on machines or tools
sa kamay, mano-mano
Pininturahan niya ang bakod nang manual, maingat na inilalapat ang bawat stroke gamit ang brush.
involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively
maramihan, kolektibo
the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group
dami, bilang
any piece of equipment that is mechanical, electric, etc. and performs a particular task
makina, aparato
the process of making or producing goods, especially in large quantities, typically using machinery or labor
paggawa, produksyon
Ang paggawa ng mga tela sa rehiyon ay nakalikha ng maraming bagong trabaho.
a place where a certain activity, business, or interest is mostly gathered or focused
sentro, pusod
used to introduce further information
bukod pa, dagdag pa
Kailangan nating bumili ng gatas, tinapay, at itlog. Bukod pa rito, dapat tayong kumuha ng ilang prutas para sa meryenda.
in a manner accepted, used, or practiced by a large number of people or throughout many locations
malawakan, karaniwan
Ang bagong modelo ng smartphone ay malawakang available sa mga tindahan.
used to indicate motion in a continuous direction on a surface or path
kasama, sa tabi
Naglakad kami sa kahabaan ng beach, habang tinatamasa ang paglubog ng araw.
a long artificial waterway built for boats to travel along or for carrying water from one place to another
a mechanical assembly used to transmit or control motion or power
gear, mekanismo
a mechanical device or system with moving parts that work together to perform a specific function
mekanismo
the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines
enerhiya, kapangyarihan
the act or process of producing, creating, or preparing something
paggawa, paglikha
one movement in a series of repeated actions where something moves back and forth or up and down
palo, galaw
(technology) the origin or starting point of data, energy, or a process
pinagmulan, simula
