Cambridge IELTS 19 - Académique - Test 2 - Lecture - Passage 1 (1)
Learn vocabulary from the first part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.
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cloth or fabric produced by weaving, knitting, felting, or similar processes
textile
the core principles or base upon which something is started, developed, calculated, or explained
fondation, base
to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time
remonter à, dater de
L'héritage familial a une histoire riche, et ses origines remontent à plusieurs siècles.
a machine that uses steam made from boiling water to produce power and make parts move
machine à vapeur, moteur à vapeur
Les usines utilisaient autrefois une machine à vapeur pour faire fonctionner les machines.
having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere
atmosphérique
La pression atmosphérique à haute altitude diminue à mesure que vous montez dans les montagnes.
at the initial state, purpose, or condition of something before any changes occurred
initialement, à l'origine
Cette chanson avait à l'origine un tempo plus lent dans sa version démo.
to supply with the needed energy to make something work
alimenter
to force a liquid or gas to move in a particular direction by mechanical pressure or suction
pomper
a deep hole or large tunnel in the ground where workers dig for salt, gold, coal, etc.
mine
belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language
écossais
a person who designs, fixes, or builds roads, machines, bridges, etc.
ingénieur, ingénieure
to change something so that it is suitable for a different purpose, situation, or need
adapter
(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money
efficace
a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products
fabricant, industriel
to generate the power necessary to make a machine work
actionner, faire marcher
a solid, round part that moves back and forth inside a hollow tube in an engine or machine, helping to push or pull gases or liquids, or to turn pressure into movement
piston, plongeur
La vapeur pousse le piston pour alimenter la machine.
(of a country, region, or a process) to yield, supply, or bring forth
produire, fournir
a type of movement where something turns or spins around a central point or line
mouvement rotatif, mouvement de rotation
Le moteur de la voiture crée un mouvement rotatif pour faire tourner les roues.
a new idea, method, product, or practice that has been introduced
innovation
costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services
demande
a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy
charbon
to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things
relativement
Elle s'est rétablie relativement rapidement après l'opération.
in a way that is very quick and often unexpected
rapidement
La population de la ville augmente rapidement.
to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks
faire fonctionner, mettre en marche
working by using the force of steam made from boiling water
à vapeur, propulsé par la vapeur
Le moteur à vapeur a changé les voyages dans le passé.
a system or method for carrying people or goods from one place to another by cars, trains, etc.
transport
Le transport aérien relie les pays éloignés.
a powered railroad vehicle that pulls a train along
locomotive
someone traveling in a vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc. who is not the pilot, driver, or a crew member
passager, passagère
related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale
industriel
La machinerie industrielle est utilisée pour automatiser les processus de production dans les usines.
the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain
Révolution industrielle
L'industrie textile a été l'une des premières à subir des changements significatifs pendant la Révolution industrielle.
being at or approximately in the middle of a range, period, or place
moyen, milieu
to extend or increase in influence or effect over a larger area or group of people
s’étendre, se propager, se répandre
used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group
y compris, dont
Il a acheté beaucoup de choses, y compris un nouvel ordinateur portable.
for the greatest part
en grande partie, essentiellement
La communauté est largement rurale, avec quelques petites villes dispersées autour.
related to or characteristic of the countryside
rural
Les communautés rurales ont souvent un accès limité aux services de santé par rapport aux zones urbaines.
related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life
agraire
Les sociétés agraires ont souvent un lien fort avec la terre et les pratiques agricoles traditionnelles.
to undergo a significant change in form, appearance, character, or nature
se transformer
(of a country or region) having undergone significant economic and technological development
industrialisé, fortement industrialisé
Historiquement, la montée des économies industrialisées a été liée à des changements sociaux significatifs.
describing the physical setting, culture, or lifestyle typically found in cities
urbain
Il apprécie l'énergie de la vie urbaine, en particulier les événements culturels et la vie nocturne.
items made or produced for sale
biens
Pendant le festival, les artisans locaux ont exposé leurs marchandises dans des stands colorés pour que tout le monde puisse les parcourir.
to make or create something with skill and careful attention
fabriquer, faire
with the hands or physical effort rather than relying on machines or tools
à la main, manuellement
Elle a écrit la lettre à la main, préférant le toucher personnel des notes manuscrites.
involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively
de masse
the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group
quantité
any piece of equipment that is mechanical, electric, etc. and performs a particular task
machine
the process of making or producing goods, especially in large quantities, typically using machinery or labor
fabrication, production
La fabrication de textiles dans la région a créé de nombreux nouveaux emplois.
a place where a certain activity, business, or interest is mostly gathered or focused
centre, cœur
used to introduce further information
en outre, de plus
Sarah aime la randonnée et la natation. En outre, elle aime pratiquer le yoga pour se détendre.
in a manner accepted, used, or practiced by a large number of people or throughout many locations
largement
Le vaccin est largement administré dans les hôpitaux à travers le pays.
used to indicate motion in a continuous direction on a surface or path
le long de, le long
Le cycliste a roulé le long de la rive à un rythme régulier.
a long artificial waterway built for boats to travel along or for carrying water from one place to another
canal
a mechanical assembly used to transmit or control motion or power
engrenage
a mechanical device or system with moving parts that work together to perform a specific function
mécanisme
the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines
énergie
the act or process of producing, creating, or preparing something
création, fabrication
one movement in a series of repeated actions where something moves back and forth or up and down
coup, mouvement
(technology) the origin or starting point of data, energy, or a process
source, origine
