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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Загрязнение, Отходы и Влияние Человека

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
carbon-neutral
carbon-neutral
[прилагательное]

describing a state in which the carbon dioxide emission reaches zero or there is a balance between the amount of carbon dioxide emitted and absorbed

углеродно-нейтральный

углеродно-нейтральный

Ex: The company committed to becoming carbon-neutral by 2030, reducing its greenhouse gas emissions to zero. 
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zero-emission
zero-emission
[прилагательное]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

нулевой выброс

нулевой выброс

Ex: Electric vehicles are considered zero-emission because they do not produce tailpipe emissions. 
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to contaminate
to contaminate
[глагол]

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

загрязнять

загрязнять

Ex: The factory's discharge pipes contaminated the river with toxic chemicals. 
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to dump
to dump
[глагол]

to get rid of waste material, particularly in an unorganized manner

сваливать

сваливать

Ex: Instead of recycling, some businesses opt to dump electronic waste in landfills. 
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disposal
disposal
[существительное]

the act of getting rid of waste material

удаление

удаление

Ex: Proper disposal of hazardous waste is crucial to protect the environment and human health. 
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dumper
dumper
[существительное]

a truck with a container that can be elevated to unload waste material

самосвал

самосвал

Ex: The construction site used a dumper to transport gravel and sand across the site. 
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logging
logging
[существительное]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

лесозаготовка

лесозаготовка

Ex: Logging in the area has led to widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity. 
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carbon monoxide
carbon monoxide
[существительное]

an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas that is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, which proves lethal in some cases

монооксид углерода

монооксид углерода

Ex: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. 
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microplastic
microplastic
[существительное]

very small plastic pieces in the environment that originate from personal care products, clothing, etc. and the degradation of other plastic products

микропластик

микропластик

Ex: Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic less than 5 millimeters in size that pollute the environment. 
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herbicide
herbicide
[существительное]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

гербицид

гербицид

Ex: Farmers use herbicides to control weeds and improve crop yields. 
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pollutant
pollutant
[существительное]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

загрязнитель

загрязнитель

Ex: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas pollutant emitted from burning fossil fuels. 
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acid rain
acid rain
[существительное]

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

кислотный дождь

кислотный дождь

Ex: The once-clear mountain stream turned murky after years of acid rain falling on its watershed. 
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to leach
to leach
[глагол]

to extract or wash out soluble substances from a material by passing a liquid through it

выщелачивать, вымывать

выщелачивать, вымывать

Ex: Acid rain can leach calcium from concrete structures over time. 
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consumption
consumption
[существительное]

the act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

потребление

потребление

Ex: The rapid consumption of fuel raised concerns about sustainability. 
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exhaust fumes
exhaust fumes
[существительное]

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

выхлопные газы

выхлопные газы

Ex: The tunnel filled with exhaust fumes as cars idled during the rush-hour backup. 
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smog
smog
[существительное]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

смог

смог

Ex: The city's smog was so thick that it reduced visibility, making it difficult for drivers to see the road ahead. 
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oil spill
oil spill
[существительное]

the accidental or deliberate release of liquid petroleum or its products into the environment, especially into bodies of water, causing ecological damage

разлив нефти, утечка нефти

разлив нефти, утечка нефти

Ex: The oil spill coated the shoreline, harming local wildlife. 
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carbon footprint
carbon footprint
[существительное]

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

углеродный след

углеродный след

Ex: Flying frequently increases your carbon footprint significantly. 
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