connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way
修辞的, 雄辩的
这位政治家运用修辞策略来影响公众对这一问题的看法。
related to the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of being or existence
本体论的
在他的博士论文中，他探讨了道德价值的本体论基础。
related to the philosophical movement that focuses on individual existence, freedom, and choice, often emphasizing the absurdity or meaninglessness of life
存在主义的
存在主义哲学家让-保罗·萨特 famously declared, "存在先于本质。"
relating to the study or discipline of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language, often involving critical reasoning and analysis
哲学的
关于自由意志和决定论的哲学辩论已经持续了几个世纪。
related to the philosophical or scientific principles, methods, or teachings associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle
亚里士多德的, 亚里士多德式的
他的论点遵循了亚里士多德的逻辑，运用了三段论推理。
related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates
苏格拉底的
她的教学风格深受苏格拉底式方法的影响，鼓励学生深入思考复杂问题。
relating to the view or belief that reality, knowledge, or morality is inherently diverse or composed of multiple elements, perspectives, or truths
多元的, 多元论的
在形而上学中，多元论的观点认为现实由各种基本物质或实体组成。
related to the branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and being, often exploring abstract concepts beyond the physical world
形而上学的
关于自由意志与决定论的辩论是一个经典的形而上学探究。
related to the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, scope, and limits of knowledge, as well as the ways in which knowledge is acquired and justified
认识论的, 与认识论相关的
她的研究考察了科学探究的认识论基础。
related to the belief that only physical matter exists, rejecting the presence of spiritual or immaterial elements in reality
唯物主义的, 物质主义的
唯物主义哲学往往优先考虑经验证据和科学解释，而不是形而上学或超自然的说法。
referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution
辩证的, 与辩证法有关的
黑格尔的辩证方法认为，进步是通过冲突和对立思想的综合而发生的。
referring to the belief that things in nature are best understood in terms of their purpose or end goal, suggesting a deliberate design or direction
目的论的, 有目的的
亚里士多德对自然的目的论观点提出，一切事物都有其固有的目的或目标。
advocating for strong, uncompromising beliefs or principles, often rejecting any form of relativism or compromise
绝对主义的, 不妥协的
她对伦理的绝对主义立场没有给道德模糊或情境伦理留下任何空间。
relating to the belief that life lacks inherent meaning or value, often resulting in existential despair or doubt towards conventional beliefs and moral systems
虚无主义的, 与虚无主义有关的
虚无主义哲学拒绝客观真理或道德绝对的存在。
relating to or characteristic of a philosophy that emphasizes intuition and the spiritual over empirical or material experience
超验的, 先验的
先验哲学重视内在洞察高于感官证据。
referring to the belief or theory that all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding causes and conditions, leaving no room for free will or indeterminacy
决定论的, 确定性的
决定论的世界观认为，包括人类决策在内的每一个事件都是由先前的原因和条件预先决定的。
relating to the study or analysis of individual subjective experiences and the meaning attributed to them
现象学的, 与个体主观体验研究相关的
像胡塞尔这样的现象学哲学家试图描述和理解直接体验到的意识结构。
