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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Chemistry

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s chemií, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
solution
solution
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture of different liquids

roztok, směs

roztok, směs

Ex: Many cleaning products are solutions that mix different liquids for better effectiveness. 
solvent
solvent
[Podstatné jméno]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

rozpouštědlo, solvent

rozpouštědlo, solvent

Ex: Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes. 
periodic table
periodic table
[Podstatné jméno]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

periodická tabulka, periodická soustava prvků

periodická tabulka, periodická soustava prvků

Ex: The periodic table, devised by Dmitri Mendeleev, categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties. 
isotope
isotope
[Podstatné jméno]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

izotop, izotopická forma

izotop, izotopická forma

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons. 
halogen
halogen
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halogen, halogenový prvek

halogen, halogenový prvek

Ex: Chlorine is a halogen commonly used in water treatment for its disinfectant properties. 
noble gas
noble gas
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

vzácné plyny, inertní plyn

vzácné plyny, inertní plyn

Ex: Helium, a noble gas, is known for its low density and is often used in balloons to make them float. 
emulsion
emulsion
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

emulze, směs dvou kapalin

emulze, směs dvou kapalin

Ex: Mayonnaise is an example of an emulsion, with oil and vinegar forming a stable mixture through the addition of egg yolk as an emulsifying agent. 
half-life
half-life
[Podstatné jméno]

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

poločas rozpadu, poločas přeměny

poločas rozpadu, poločas přeměny

Ex: The half-life of a radioactive isotope determines the time it takes for half of the initial amount to decay into a stable product. 
radioactivity
radioactivity
[Podstatné jméno]

the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei in radioactive substances

radioaktivita

radioaktivita

Ex: The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel while studying the properties of uranium salts. 
depleted uranium
depleted uranium
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

ochuzený uran, vyčerpaný uran

ochuzený uran, vyčerpaný uran

Ex: Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process used in nuclear reactors. 
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