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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア6-7) - 化学

ここでは、アカデミックIELTS試験に必要な化学に関連する英単語をいくつか学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
solution
solution
[名詞]

a mixture of different liquids

溶液, 混合物

溶液, 混合物

Ex: Many cleaning products are solutions that mix different liquids for better effectiveness. 
solvent
solvent
[名詞]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

溶媒, 溶剤

溶媒, 溶剤

Ex: Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes. 
periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

周期表, 元素の周期表

周期表, 元素の周期表

Ex: The periodic table, devised by Dmitri Mendeleev, categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties. 
isotope
isotope
[名詞]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

同位体, 同位体の形態

同位体, 同位体の形態

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons. 
halogen
halogen
[名詞]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

ハロゲン, ハロゲン元素

ハロゲン, ハロゲン元素

Ex: Chlorine is a halogen commonly used in water treatment for its disinfectant properties. 
noble gas
noble gas
[名詞]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

貴ガス, 不活性ガス

貴ガス, 不活性ガス

Ex: Helium, a noble gas, is known for its low density and is often used in balloons to make them float. 
emulsion
emulsion
[名詞]

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

乳化, 二つの液体の混合物

乳化, 二つの液体の混合物

Ex: Mayonnaise is an example of an emulsion, with oil and vinegar forming a stable mixture through the addition of egg yolk as an emulsifying agent. 
half-life
half-life
[名詞]

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

半減期, 減半時間

半減期, 減半時間

Ex: The half-life of a radioactive isotope determines the time it takes for half of the initial amount to decay into a stable product. 
radioactivity

the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei in radioactive substances

放射能

放射能

Ex: The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel while studying the properties of uranium salts. 
depleted uranium

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

劣化ウラン, 減損ウラン

劣化ウラン, 減損ウラン

Ex: Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process used in nuclear reactors. 
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