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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademický - Test 4 - Čtení - Úsek 3 (1)

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
exploration
exploration
[Podstatné jméno]

a careful systematic search

průzkum, systematické hledání

průzkum, systematické hledání

continental drift
continental drift
[Podstatné jméno]

the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)

kontinentální drift, kontinentální pohyb

kontinentální drift, kontinentální pohyb

reputation
reputation
[Podstatné jméno]

the general opinion that the public has about someone or something because of what they did in the past

pověst, renomé

pověst, renomé

Ex: The company worked hard to build a reputation for excellent customer service. 
continental
continental
[Přídavné jméno]

originating from to relating to the large landmasses on Earth's surface known as continents

kontinentální, vztahující se ke kontinentům

kontinentální, vztahující se ke kontinentům

Ex: Continental drift is the movement of Earth's continents over time. 
displacement
displacement
[Podstatné jméno]

an event in which something is displaced without rotation

posunutí, přemístění

posunutí, přemístění

to propose
to propose
[sloveso]

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

navrhnout, předložit

navrhnout, předložit

Ex: He proposed a new strategy for increasing productivity during the team meeting, outlining specific steps for implementation. 
extensively
extensively
[Příslovce]

over a large area or covering a wide range of subjects, places, or people

rozsáhle, obšírně

rozsáhle, obšírně

Ex: She has traveled extensively across four continents. 
origin
origin
[Podstatné jméno]

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

původ, zdroj

původ, zdroj

Ex: The origin of the river is in the mountains to the north. 
controversy
controversy
[Podstatné jméno]

a strong disagreement or argument over something that involves many people

kontroverze,  spor

kontroverze, spor

Ex: The new policy sparked a controversy among community members. 
lifetime
lifetime
[Podstatné jméno]

the entire duration of a person's life, from birth to death, or the duration of existence of something in general

život, délka života

život, délka života

Ex: He left a legacy that will last beyond his lifetime. 
to suppose
to suppose
[sloveso]

to assume or accept something as true or necessary for the sake of argument, explanation, or theory

předpokládat, domnívat se

předpokládat, domnívat se

Ex: The theory supposes that all variables are constant, which simplifies the calculation. 
laterally
laterally
[Příslovce]

in a direction that is sideways or to the side

bočně

bočně

Ex: The gymnast executed a cartwheel, moving laterally across the mat. 
plausible
plausible
[Přídavné jméno]

seeming believable or reasonable enough to be considered true

věrohodný, přijatelný

věrohodný, přijatelný

Ex: The detective found his alibi to be plausible, as several witnesses corroborated his story. 
evidence
evidence
[Podstatné jméno]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

důkaz, svědectví

důkaz, svědectví

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
geology
geology
[Podstatné jméno]

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

geologie, věda o Zemi

geologie, věda o Zemi

Ex: Geology explains why mountain ranges exist and how they formed over millions of years. 
geophysics
geophysics
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of science that deals with the physical properties and processes of the Earth, including the behavior of its solid matter, the atmosphere, and the magnetic and gravitational fields

geofyzika, věda o fyzikálních vlastnostech Země

geofyzika, věda o fyzikálních vlastnostech Země

Ex: Geophysics plays a crucial role in studying seismic waves to understand Earth's interior structure. 
paleontology
paleontology
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of science that studies fossils

paleontologie

paleontologie

Ex: Paleontology has revealed fascinating details about the prehistoric creatures that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. 
climatology
climatology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

klimatologie, studium podnebí

klimatologie, studium podnebí

Ex: Climatology explores the average weather conditions in a region over extended periods. 
namely
namely
[Příslovce]

used to give more specific information or examples regarding what has just been mentioned

konkrétně, tj.

konkrétně, tj.

Ex: She had several hobbies, namely painting, gardening, and playing the piano. 
plate tectonics
plate tectonics
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust

desková tektonika, globální tektonika

desková tektonika, globální tektonika

respect
respect
[Podstatné jméno]

a particular detail, feature, or aspect of something

aspekt, detail

aspekt, detail

Ex: The two projects are similar in many respects. 
proposal
proposal
[Podstatné jméno]

something suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption

návrh, nápad

návrh, nápad

Ex: Her proposal to extend the project was accepted. 
evolutionary
evolutionary
[Přídavné jméno]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

evoluční

evoluční

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
evolution
evolution
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evoluce

evoluce

Ex: Evolution is the process by which species change over time in response to environmental pressures. 
natural selection
natural selection
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment

přirozený výběr

přirozený výběr

intriguing
intriguing
[Přídavné jméno]

arousing interest and curiosity due to being strange or mysterious

zajímavý, tajemný

zajímavý, tajemný

Ex: The old book contained intriguing symbols and cryptic messages, sparking the reader's curiosity. 
to come up with

to create something, usually an idea, a solution, or a plan, through one's own efforts or thinking

navrhnout, vypracovat

navrhnout, vypracovat

Ex: By the end of the month, I will have come up with a detailed proposal. 
geologist
geologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

geolog, vědec specializující se na geologii

geolog, vědec specializující se na geologii

Ex: The geologist analyzed the rock formations to determine their geological age and origin. 
astronomer
astronomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
to [pursue] a career

to engage in an occupation as a way of earning money

Ex: He decided to pursue a career in acting and moved to Hollywood. 
atmospheric
atmospheric
[Přídavné jméno]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

atmosférický, související s atmosférou

atmosférický, související s atmosférou

Ex: Atmospheric conditions can affect weather patterns and climate. 
lecturer
lecturer
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who teaches courses at a college or university, often with a focus on undergraduate education, but who does not hold the rank of professor

lektor, přednášející

lektor, přednášející

Ex: The lecturer explained the complex theory in simple terms. 
astronomy
astronomy
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

astronomie, věda o hvězdách

astronomie, věda o hvězdách

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
aloft
aloft
[Příslovce]

up in or into the air

nahoře, ve vzduchu

nahoře, ve vzduchu

Ex: The eagle circled aloft in search of prey. 
publicized
publicized
[Přídavné jméno]

made known; especially made widely known

zveřejněný, široce známý

zveřejněný, široce známý

expedition
expedition
[Podstatné jméno]

a journey carefully organized for a specific purpose, such as exploration or research

výprava, mise

výprava, mise

Ex: The team set out on an expedition to the Arctic. 
to [make] a name for {oneself}

to become well-known or respected in a particular field or area through one's achievements or actions

udělat si jméno, získat uznání

udělat si jméno, získat uznání

Ex: She worked hard to make a name for herself in journalism. 
circle
circle
[Podstatné jméno]

an unofficial association of people or groups

kruh, skupina

kruh, skupina

meteorologist
meteorologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

meteorolog, předpovědář počasí

meteorolog, předpovědář počasí

Ex: The meteorologist on the news predicted rain for the weekend. 
physicist
physicist
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who is trained in physics

fyzik,  fyzička

fyzik, fyzička

thermodynamics
thermodynamics
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

termodynamika

termodynamika

Ex: The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. 
scientific paper
scientific paper
[Podstatné jméno]

a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

vědecký článek, vědecká publikace

vědecký článek, vědecká publikace

largely
largely
[Příslovce]

for the greatest part

z velké části, především

z velké části, především

Ex: The success of the campaign was largely due to social media engagement. 
sideline
sideline
[Podstatné jméno]

an auxiliary activity

vedlejší činnost, vedlejší aktivita

vedlejší činnost, vedlejší aktivita

paleoclimatology
paleoclimatology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the climate of past ages

paleoklimatologie, studium podnebí minulých věků

paleoklimatologie, studium podnebí minulých věků

to [be] at pains

try very hard to do something

extent
extent
[Podstatné jméno]

the point or degree to which something extends

rozsah, stupeň

rozsah, stupeň

treatment
treatment
[Podstatné jméno]

the manner or method of managing or dealing with something or someone

zacházení, způsob řízení

zacházení, způsob řízení

Ex: The delicate vase required careful treatment during transportation to avoid any damage. 
detailed
detailed
[Přídavné jméno]

including many specific elements or pieces of information

podrobný, detailní

podrobný, detailní

Ex: The report provided a detailed analysis of the company's financial performance. 
to devote
to devote
[sloveso]

to set aside a specific amount of time or space to discuss or focus on a topic

věnovat, vyhradit

věnovat, vyhradit

Ex: The article devotes a whole section to climate change. 
reception
reception
[Podstatné jméno]

the way in which something is perceived or received by others, often referring to the response or reaction to an idea, message, or product

přijetí, recepec

přijetí, recepec

Ex: The movie had a mixed reception, with some critics praising it and others disappointed. 
controversial
controversial
[Přídavné jméno]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

kontroverzní,  sporný

kontroverzní, sporný

Ex: The politician's controversial statements about immigration sparked heated discussions among voters. 
to pursue
to pursue
[sloveso]

to actively engage in or carry out a specific activity or endeavor

usilovat, provozovat

usilovat, provozovat

Ex: Emily decided to pursue a career in medicine and enrolled in a pre-med program at university. 
line
line
[Podstatné jméno]

a sequence of related events, actions, or developments

řada, sled

řada, sled

Ex: A line of events led from the small error to the full recall. 
to pick up
to pick up
[sloveso]

to resume something, a story, activity, or relationship

pokračovat, obnovit

pokračovat, obnovit

Ex: After the summer break, the teacher decided to pick up the lessons from where they had left. 
guidepost
guidepost
[Podstatné jméno]

a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior

vodící zásada, pravidlo chování

vodící zásada, pravidlo chování

rapidly
rapidly
[Příslovce]

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

rychle, bystře

rychle, bystře

Ex: The river flowed rapidly after heavy rainfall. 
shifting
shifting
[Přídavné jméno]

continuously varying

proměnlivý, měnící se

proměnlivý, měnící se

to characterize

to describe the qualities of someone or something in a certain manner

charakterizovat, popisovat

charakterizovat, popisovat

Ex: The historian characterized the Renaissance period as a time of cultural rebirth and artistic innovation. 
to reflect
to reflect
[sloveso]

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

odrážet, projevovat

odrážet, projevovat

Ex: His speech reflected the concerns of the community. 
descendant
descendant
[Podstatné jméno]

something that has developed from an earlier thing and still shows some connection to its original form or design

potomek, dědic

potomek, dědic

Ex: The modern computer is a descendant of early calculating machines. 
index
index
[Podstatné jméno]

an alphabetical listing of topics, names, or terms with references to their locations, typically in a book or document

rejstřík, obsah

rejstřík, obsah

Ex: The book includes an index for quick reference. 
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