Cambridge IELTS 18 - آکادمیک - آزمون 4 - خواندن - بخش 3 (1)

a systematic search for something, especially valuable natural resources

the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)

the general opinion that the public has about someone or something because of what they did in the past

of, relating to, or characteristic of a continent

an event in which something is displaced without rotation

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

over a large area or covering a wide range of subjects, places, or people

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

strong public disagreement or debate about an issue, often involving opposing opinions

the period of time during which a person lives or something exists, functions, or remains useful

to assume or accept something as true or necessary for the sake of argument, explanation, or theory

in a direction that is sideways or to the side

seeming believable or reasonable enough to be considered true

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

the branch of science that deals with the physical properties and processes of the Earth, including the behavior of its solid matter, the atmosphere, and the magnetic and gravitational fields

the branch of science that studies fossils

the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

used to give more specific information or examples regarding what has just been mentioned

the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust

a particular detail, feature, or aspect of something

something suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment

arousing interest and curiosity due to being strange or mysterious

to create something, usually an idea, a solution, or a plan, through one's own efforts or thinking

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

to engage in an occupation as a way of earning money

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

a person employed to teach students at a college or university

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

up in or into the air

made known; especially made widely known

an organized journey undertaken for a particular purpose, especially exploration, research, or military action

to become well-known or respected in a particular field or area through one's achievements or actions

an unofficial association of people or groups

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

an individual who is trained in physics

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

for the greatest part

an auxiliary activity

the study of the climate of past ages

try very hard to do something

the point or degree to which something extends

the manner or method of managing or dealing with something or someone

including many specific elements or pieces of information

to use a particular amount of time or space to deal with a specific subject

the way in which someone or something is received or reacted to

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

to actively engage in or carry out a specific activity or endeavor

a sequence of related events, actions, or developments

to resume something, a story, activity, or relationship

a principle or rule used to guide conduct or decisions

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

continuously varying

to describe someone or something by stating their main qualities or nature

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

a thing that developed directly from an earlier form, source, or model

an alphabetical listing of topics, names, or terms with references to their locations, typically in a book or document