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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Prueba 4 - Lectura - Pasaje 3

Aprende vocabulario del Cambridge IELTS 15 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 3, y repasa palabras y expresiones útiles de este texto de lectura.

Revisión

Tarjetas de memoria

formas

Ortografía

Cuestionario

Empezar a aprender
Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
to shape
to shape
[Verbo]

to exert a significant influence on the development, nature, or outcome of something

moldear, influir

moldear, influir

Ex: The cultural background of an individual often shapes their worldview and perceptions of the world. 
fundamental
fundamental
[Adjetivo]

related to the core and most important or basic parts of something

fundamental

fundamental

Ex: Good communication skills are fundamental to success in any profession. 
to offend
to offend
[Verbo]

to go against established norms or principles

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: Tampering with evidence offends the principles of justice. 

Violar las pruebas ofende los principios de la justicia.

fisherman
fisherman
[Sustantivo]

a person whose occupation or hobby is catching fish

pescador

pescador

Ex: The fisherman repaired his boat before heading out to sea early in the morning. 

El pescador reparó su barco antes de salir al mar temprano en la mañana.

fishery
fishery
[Sustantivo]

a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold

pesquería, establecimiento pesquero

pesquería, establecimiento pesquero

quota
quota
[Sustantivo]

a government-imposed limit on the quantity of a product that may be imported, exported, or produced

cuota

cuota

Ex: Farmers opposed the reduction in the milk production quota. 
logging
logging
[Sustantivo]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

explotación forestal, tala

explotación forestal, tala

Ex: Environmental activists protested against logging in the old-growth forest. 
lease
lease
[Sustantivo]

an agreement in which we agree to pay rent to use someone else's house, room, etc.

contrato de arrendamiento

contrato de arrendamiento

Ex: She carefully read the lease before moving into the dormitory. 
corrupt
corrupt
[Adjetivo]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corrupto

corrupto

Ex: The corrupt mayor awarded government contracts to friends and family members without fair competition. 

El alcalde corrupto otorgó contratos gubernamentales a amigos y familiares sin competencia justa.

unsophisticated
unsophisticated
[Adjetivo]

lacking practical knowledge and experience and tending to believe everything

poco sofisticado

poco sofisticado

Ex: Her unsophisticated understanding of politics led her to blindly support questionable candidates. 

Su comprensión poco sofisticada de la política la llevó a apoyar ciegamente a candidatos cuestionables.

landowner
landowner
[Sustantivo]

a person who owns land

terrateniente, propietario de tierras

terrateniente, propietario de tierras

Ex: The landowner inspected the farm before selling it. 
regulation
regulation
[Sustantivo]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regla, reglamento

regla, reglamento

Ex: Building regulations dictate the minimum safety standards for construction projects. 
to outcompete

to perform better or achieve superior results compared to someone or something else in a competitive context

superar, sobrepasar

superar, sobrepasar

Ex: The athlete trained hard to outcompete his rivals and win the gold medal. 

El atleta entrenó duro para superar a sus rivales y ganar la medalla de oro.

reverse
reverse
[Sustantivo]

a complete change, resulting in a situation that is opposite to the previous one

revés, inversión

revés, inversión

Ex: The policy change led to a significant reverse in the company's growth strategy. 
to blame
to blame
[Verbo]

to critique or find fault with something or someone

culpar, criticar

culpar, criticar

Ex: The consumer blamed the manufacturer's faulty product, insisting on a refund. 
to ignore
to ignore
[Verbo]

to overlook or neglect something important or noteworthy

ignorar, desatender

ignorar, desatender

Ex: Despite the urgent need, they ignored the issue until it became a crisis. 
charity
charity
[Sustantivo]

an organization that helps those in need by giving them money, food, etc.

organización benéfica

organización benéfica

Ex: The charity event raised enough money to help hundreds of families in need. 
shareholder
shareholder
[Sustantivo]

an individual or entity that owns shares of stock in a corporation

accionista

accionista

Ex: The shareholder filed a lawsuit against the board for breach of fiduciary duty. 
obligation
obligation
[Sustantivo]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

obligación

obligación

Ex: He felt a moral obligation to help his elderly neighbor with household chores. 
provided that
provided that
[Conjunción]

used for stating conditions necessary for something to happen or be available

siempre que, siempre y cuando

siempre que, siempre y cuando

Ex: The event will proceed outdoors, provided that the weather cooperates. 

El evento se llevará a cabo al aire libre, siempre que el clima coopere.

director
director
[Sustantivo]

a senior manager who serves on a company's board of directors and participates in corporate governance

director

director

Ex: The board of directors includes three independent directors. 
liable
liable
[Adjetivo]

legally answerable to action or penalty under the law

responsable, sujeto

responsable, sujeto

Ex: The firm is liable to sanctions under the new regulation. 

La empresa es responsable de sanciones según la nueva regulación.

to term
to term
[Verbo]

to describe something using a specific word or phrase

denominar, calificar

denominar, calificar

Ex: The economist termed the current economic situation stagflation due to slow growth and high inflation. 
to breach
to breach
[Verbo]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

violar

violar

Ex: The student was disciplined for breaching exam regulations by using unauthorized materials. 
fiduciary
fiduciary
[Adjetivo]

legally obligated to act in the best interests of another party, typically when managing their assets or affairs

fiduciario, de confianza

fiduciario, de confianza

Ex: As a financial advisor, she has a fiduciary obligation to prioritize her clients' interests. 

Como asesora financiera, tiene una obligación fiduciaria de priorizar los intereses de sus clientes.

knowingly
knowingly
[Adverbio]

with full awareness and intention

a sabiendas

a sabiendas

Ex: They knowingly withheld information from the authorities. 

Sabían que ocultaban información a las autoridades.

to sue
to sue
[Verbo]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

demandar

demandar

Ex: The author opted to sue the publisher for copyright infringement. 
minimum wage
minimum wage
[Sustantivo]

the lowest level of salary, set by the law

salario mínimo, sueldo mínimo

salario mínimo, sueldo mínimo

Ex: He argued that the minimum wage should be adjusted for inflation. 

Él argumentó que el salario mínimo debería ajustarse por inflación.

to declare
to declare
[Verbo]

to officially tell people something

declarar, manifestar

declarar, manifestar

Ex: The president addressed the nation to formally declare war against the aggressor. 
stockholder
stockholder
[Sustantivo]

an individual, institution, etc. that owns shares or stocks in a corporation

accionista

accionista

Ex: The dividend payout was warmly received by stockholders, reflecting the company's commitment to sharing profits with its investors. 

El pago de dividendos fue recibido calurosamente por los accionistas, lo que refleja el compromiso de la empresa de compartir las ganancias con sus inversores.

through
through
[Preposición]

used to indicate the method or channel by which something is done

por, a través de

por, a través de

Ex: The funds were raised through donations. 

Los fondos se recaudaron a través de donaciones.

destructive
destructive
[Adjetivo]

causing a lot of damage or harm

destructivo, destructor

destructivo, destructor

Ex: The destructive force of the earthquake toppled buildings and infrastructure. 

La fuerza destructiva del terremoto derribó edificios e infraestructuras.

(in|over) the long run

in the end of or over a long period of time

a largo plazo, con el tiempo

a largo plazo, con el tiempo

Ex: Over the long run, regular exercise protects your health. 

A largo plazo, hacer ejercicio con regularidad protege tu salud.

politician
politician
[Sustantivo]

someone who works in the government or a law-making organization

político

político

Ex: The newspaper interviewed the local politician. 
unprofitable
unprofitable
[Adjetivo]

not generating a profit, gain, or financial benefit

no rentable, deficitario

no rentable, deficitario

Ex: The investment in the failing company turned out to be unprofitable, resulting in financial setbacks. 

La inversión en la empresa en quiebra resultó ser no rentable, lo que resultó en reveses financieros.

profitable
profitable
[Adjetivo]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

rentable

rentable

Ex: Investing in renewable energy has turned out to be a profitable venture for many companies. 
sustainable
sustainable
[Adjetivo]

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

sostenible

sostenible

Ex: They built a sustainable energy system with solar panels. 

Construyeron un sistema de energía sostenible con paneles solares.

disaster
disaster
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and unfortunate event that causes a great amount of death and destruction

desastre, catástrofe

desastre, catástrofe

Ex: The city faced a disaster after a severe storm hit the area. 
to spill
to spill
[Verbo]

to flow or fall out of a container or enclosed space

derramar

derramar

Ex: Water spilled over the edge of the bucket. 
off
off
[Adverbio]

at or to a certain distance away in physical space

a

a

Ex: The enemy camp was positioned a few hundred yards off. 

El campamento enemigo estaba situado a unos cientos de metros de distancia.

sustainably
sustainably
[Adverbio]

in a manner that is environmentally practical in the long term, without draining resources or causing harm

sosteniblemente

sosteniblemente

Ex: The packaging is designed to be sustainably produced and easily recyclable. 

El empaque está diseñado para ser producido de manera sostenible y ser fácilmente reciclable.

to harvest
to harvest
[Verbo]

to collect a useful resource so that it can be stored or used

recolectar,  cosechar

recolectar, cosechar

Ex: The company was accused of harvesting users' personal data. 
track record
track record
[Sustantivo]

data that shows the past performance of an organization, product, or person, often used as a basis of evaluation

historial

historial

Ex: The product's track record of reliability was a key selling point. 

El historial de fiabilidad del producto fue un punto de venta clave.

to complain

to express your annoyance, unhappiness, or dissatisfaction about something

quejarse

quejarse

Ex: Instead of complaining, try to find constructive solutions to the challenges you face. 
to award
to award
[Verbo]

to give or order the giving of something, such as payment, compensation, or a contract, based on judgment, merit, or entitlement

adjudicar, otorgar

adjudicar, otorgar

Ex: The panel awarded compensation after reviewing the case. 
to press
to press
[Verbo]

to try very hard to persuade someone to do something

presionar, insistir

presionar, insistir

Ex: The customer pressed the customer service representative for a refund due to the faulty product. 
to pass
to pass
[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

aprobar, decretar

Ex: The first Transport Act was passed in 1907. 
to enforce
to enforce
[Verbo]

to make sure that a law, rule, or regulation is obeyed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: Inspectors regularly visit restaurants to enforce health regulations. 
regulation
regulation
[Sustantivo]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regla, reglamento

regla, reglamento

Ex: Building regulations dictate the minimum safety standards for construction projects. 
practice
practice
[Sustantivo]

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

práctica

práctica

Ex: The practice of this teaching method has shown significant improvement in student engagement. 
in turn
in turn
[Adverbio]

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

por turnos, sucesivamente

por turnos, sucesivamente

Ex: Employees were called into the meeting room in turn to receive their performance reviews. 

Los empleados fueron llamados a la sala de reuniones por turnos para recibir sus evaluaciones de desempeño.

to exert
to exert
[Verbo]

to apply force, power, authority, or influence in order to produce an effect

ejercer

ejercer

Ex: The government exerted pressure on both sides to reach an agreement. 
spread
spread
[Sustantivo]

the act or process of something becoming known or shared by a larger area or group

propagación, difusión

propagación, difusión

Ex: Concerns grew with the spread of fear in the community. 
infected
infected
[Adjetivo]

affected by a disease-causing agent, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites

infectado

infectado

Ex: The infected wound required immediate medical attention. 

La herida infectada requería atención médica inmediata.

to abandon
to abandon
[Verbo]

to no longer continue something altogether

abandonar

abandonar

Ex: After numerous setbacks and unforeseen obstacles, the team decided to abandon the ambitious project. 
meat packer
meat packer
[Sustantivo]

a wholesaler in the meat-packing business

mayorista de carne, comerciante de carne al por mayor

mayorista de carne, comerciante de carne al por mayor

to plummet
to plummet
[Verbo]

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

desplomarse

desplomarse

Ex: The housing market experienced a downturn, causing property values to plummet rapidly. 

El mercado de la vivienda experimentó una caída, lo que provocó que los valores de las propiedades desplomaran rápidamente.

outraged
outraged
[Adjetivo]

feeling very angry or deeply offended

indignado, ultrajado

indignado, ultrajado

Ex: She felt outraged by the offensive comments made by the politician. 

Se sintió indignada por los comentarios ofensivos del político.

to place
to place
[Verbo]

to assign a rank, position, or category based on an assessment, comparison, or standard

clasificar, colocar

clasificar, colocar

Ex: The committee placed the candidate at the top of their list due to his exceptional qualifications. 
in accordance with
in accordance with
[Preposición]

used to show compliance with a specific rule, guideline, or standard

de acuerdo con, conforme a, de conformidad con

de acuerdo con, conforme a, de conformidad con

Ex: The event was organized in accordance with local laws and regulations. 

El evento fue organizado de acuerdo con las leyes y regulaciones locales.

to arise
to arise
[Verbo]

to begin to exist or become noticeable

surgir, aparecer

surgir, aparecer

Ex: Tensions began to arise among team members due to differing opinions on the project's direction. 
moral principle
moral principle
[Sustantivo]

a rule or standard used to judge behavior as right or wrong

principio moral

principio moral

Ex: Respect for human dignity is a fundamental moral principle. 
explicit
explicit
[Adjetivo]

expressed very clearly, leaving no doubt or confusion

explícito, claro

explícito, claro

Ex: The CEO’s message was explicit about the company’s new direction. 

El mensaje del CEO fue explícito sobre la nueva dirección de la empresa.

to empower
to empower
[Verbo]

to give someone the ability, strength, or confidence to take control or make decisions independently

empoderar, capacitar

empoderar, capacitar

Ex: The program is focused on empowering young people to become leaders in their communities. 

El programa se centra en empoderar a los jóvenes para que se conviertan en líderes en sus comunidades.

moralistic
moralistic
[Adjetivo]

narrowly and conventionally moral

moralista, moralizador

moralista, moralizador

ignorance
ignorance
[Sustantivo]

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

ignorancia

ignorancia

Ex: Ignorance of the law is not an excuse for breaking it, as people are expected to know the rules of society. 

La ignorancia de la ley no es una excusa para violarla, ya que se espera que las personas conozcan las reglas de la sociedad.

on the part of
on the part of
[Preposición]

from the perspective or responsibility of a particular individual or group

por parte de, de parte de

por parte de, de parte de

Ex: The mistake was made on the part of the contractor, who failed to follow the instructions. 

El error fue cometido por parte de el contratista, quien no siguió las instrucciones.

to [raise] awareness

to increase knowledge or understanding about a particular issue, cause, or topic

Ex: Social media platforms have become powerful tools for raising awareness about social justice issues. 
legislation
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

legislación

Ex: The legislation on data privacy has changed how companies handle user information. 
greed
greed
[Sustantivo]

an intense and selfish desire for something such as power and wealth

avaricia, avidez

avaricia, avidez

Ex: Greed can blind people to the needs and struggles of others. 

La codicia puede cegar a las personas ante las necesidades y luchas de los demás.

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