Cambridge IELTS 15 - Học thuật - Bài kiểm tra 4 - Đọc hiểu - Đoạn văn 3
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Đố vui
to exert a significant influence on the development, nature, or outcome of something

định hình, ảnh hưởng
related to the core and most important or basic parts of something

cơ bản, cốt yếu
to go against established norms or principles

vi phạm, xâm phạm
a person whose occupation or hobby is catching fish

ngư dân, người đánh cá
(economics) a restriction on trade imposed by a government that limits the import, export or production of a particular product

hạn ngạch, chỉ tiêu
the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

khai thác gỗ, chặt cây
an agreement in which we agree to pay rent to use someone else's house, room, etc.

hợp đồng thuê, thỏa thuận cho thuê
using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

tham nhũng, hư hỏng
lacking practical knowledge and experience and tending to believe everything

ngây thơ, thiếu kinh nghiệm
a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

quy định, sự điều chỉnh
to perform better or achieve superior results compared to someone or something else in a competitive context

vượt trội, vượt qua
a complete change, resulting in a situation that is opposite to the previous one

sự đảo ngược, sự thay đổi hoàn toàn
to critique or find fault with something or someone

đổ lỗi, chỉ trích
to overlook or neglect something important or noteworthy

bỏ qua, lơ là
an organization that helps those in need by giving them money, food, etc.

từ thiện, tổ chức từ thiện
a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

cổ đông, người sở hữu cổ phần
an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

nghĩa vụ, trách nhiệm
used for stating conditions necessary for something to happen or be available
a member of a board of directors; one of a group of senior managers who run a company

giám đốc, thành viên hội đồng quản trị
to describe something using a specific word or phrase

gọi là, mô tả
to break an agreement, law, etc.

vi phạm, phá vỡ
legally obligated to act in the best interests of another party, typically when managing their assets or affairs

ủy thác, tín thác
with full awareness and intention

cố ý, biết rõ
to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

kiện, khởi kiện
the lowest level of salary, set by the law

lương tối thiểu, mức lương tối thiểu
to officially tell people something

tuyên bố, công bố
an individual, institution, etc. that owns shares or stocks in a corporation

cổ đông, người nắm giữ cổ phiếu
used to indicate the method or channel by which something is done

qua, bằng cách
causing a lot of damage or harm

tàn phá, hủy diệt
in the end of or over a long period of time
someone who works in the government or a law-making organization

chính trị gia, nhà chính trị
not generating a profit, gain, or financial benefit

không có lãi, lỗ
(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

có lợi nhuận, sinh lợi
using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

bền vững, thân thiện với môi trường
a sudden and unfortunate event that causes a great amount of death and destruction

thảm họa, tai họa
(of content of a container) to be emptied out onto a surface

đổ, làm đổ
at or to a certain distance away in physical space

xa, cách xa
in a manner that is environmentally practical in the long term, without draining resources or causing harm

một cách bền vững
to gather resources so one can use them later

thu hoạch, gặt hái
data that shows the past performance of an organization, product, or person, often used as a basis of evaluation

lịch sử, thành tích
to express your annoyance, unhappiness, or dissatisfaction about something

phàn nàn, than phiền
to make a formal decision to give someone something valuable as a recognition of merit, achievement, or entitlement

trao tặng, ban tặng
to try very hard to persuade someone to do something

thúc ép, nhấn mạnh
to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

thông qua, phê chuẩn
to ensure that a law or rule is followed

áp dụng, bảo đảm tuân thủ
a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

quy định, sự điều chỉnh
the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

thực hành
in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

lần lượt, theo thứ tự
to put force on something or to use power in order to influence someone or something

gây ảnh hưởng, áp dụng
the act or process of something becoming known or shared by a larger area or group

sự lan truyền, sự phổ biến
affected by a disease-causing agent, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites

nhiễm bệnh, bị lây nhiễm
to no longer continue something altogether

từ bỏ, bỏ rơi
a wholesaler in the meat-packing business

nhà bán buôn thịt, thương nhân bán buôn thịt
to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

giảm mạnh, lao dốc
feeling very angry or deeply offended

phẫn nộ, bị xúc phạm
to assign a rank, position, or category based on an assessment, comparison, or standard

xếp hạng, đặt
used to show compliance with a specific rule, guideline, or standard

theo đúng, phù hợp với
to begin to exist or become noticeable

phát sinh, xuất hiện
the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group

nguyên tắc đạo đức, nguyên tắc luân lý
expressed very clearly, leaving no doubt or confusion

rõ ràng, minh bạch
to give someone the ability, strength, or confidence to take control or make decisions independently

trao quyền, tăng cường năng lực
the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

sự thiếu hiểu biết
from the perspective or responsibility of a particular individual or group

về phía, từ phía
to increase knowledge or understanding about a particular issue, cause, or topic
a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

pháp luật, luật
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