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Ciencias ACT - Enfermedades

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con enfermedades, como "narcolepsia", "demencia", "latente", etc. que te ayudarán a superar tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
benign
benign
[Adjetivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: Despite experiencing symptoms, the tests revealed that his condition was benign and temporary. 

A pesar de experimentar síntomas, las pruebas revelaron que su condición era benigna y temporal.

malignant
malignant
[Adjetivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease. 

El oncólogo recomendó una combinación de quimioterapia y radiación para combatir la enfermedad maligna.

latent
latent
[Adjetivo]

(of a medical condition or infection) present in the body but not currently producing symptoms

latente

latente

Ex: Herpes often enters a latent phase between outbreaks. 

El herpes a menudo entra en una fase latente entre los brotes.

chronic
chronic
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

crónico

crónico

Ex: Tom's chronic arthritis makes it challenging for him to move around comfortably. 

La artritis crónica de Tom hace que sea un desafío para él moverse cómodamente.

life-threatening

posing a significant risk to a person's life

mortal, que pone en peligro la vida

mortal, que pone en peligro la vida

Ex: The storm created life-threatening situations for residents in the area. 

La tormenta creó situaciones que ponen en peligro la vida para los residentes en el área.

asymptomatic
asymptomatic
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asintomático

asintomático

Ex: Many individuals infected with the parasite are asymptomatic and may not seek medical attention. 

Muchas personas infectadas con el parásito son asintomáticas y pueden no buscar atención médica.

cardiovascular
cardiovascular
[Adjetivo]

related to the heart and blood vessels

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help maintain cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of heart disease. 

El ejercicio regular y una dieta saludable pueden ayudar a mantener la salud cardiovascular y reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas.

virulent
virulent
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulento

virulento

Ex: The hospital was on high alert due to the virulent nature of the disease. 

El hospital estaba en alerta máxima debido a la naturaleza virulenta de la enfermedad.

ailment
ailment
[Sustantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

enfermedad, dolencia

enfermedad, dolencia

Ex: The elderly often suffer from various age-related ailments such as arthritis. 

Las personas mayores a menudo sufren de diversos padecimientos relacionados con la edad, como la artritis.

affliction
affliction
[Sustantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

aflicción

aflicción

Ex: Chronic back pain was his most debilitating affliction, affecting his ability to work and enjoy daily activities. 

El dolor crónico de espalda era su aflicción más debilitante, afectando su capacidad para trabajar y disfrutar de las actividades diarias.

contagion
contagion
[Sustantivo]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

enfermedad contagiosa

enfermedad contagiosa

Ex: Frequent handwashing and wearing masks are effective measures to reduce the risk of contagion in crowded places. 

Lavarse las manos con frecuencia y usar mascarillas son medidas efectivas para reducir el riesgo de contagio en lugares concurridos.

prognosis
prognosis
[Sustantivo]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

pronóstico

pronóstico

Ex: The prognosis for patients with untreated tuberculosis can be poor if the infection spreads to vital organs. 

El pronóstico para los pacientes con tuberculosis no tratada puede ser pobre si la infección se extiende a órganos vitales.

syndrome
syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

síndrome

síndrome

Ex: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. 

El síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno gastrointestinal común caracterizado por dolor abdominal, hinchazón y cambios en los hábitos intestinales.

glaucoma
glaucoma
[Sustantivo]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucoma, glaucoma

glaucoma, glaucoma

Ex: Increased pressure in the eye can damage the optic nerve, causing peripheral vision loss in glaucoma. 

El aumento de presión en el ojo puede dañar el nervio óptico, causando pérdida de visión periférica en el glaucoma.

inflammation
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

sepsis
sepsis
[Sustantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Sepsis symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status. 

Los síntomas del sepsis incluyen fiebre, frecuencia cardíaca rápida y estado mental alterado.

fatty liver
fatty liver
[Sustantivo]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

hígado graso, esteatosis hepática

hígado graso, esteatosis hepática

Ex: Treatment for fatty liver focuses on lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. 

El tratamiento para el hígado graso se centra en cambios en el estilo de vida como la dieta y el ejercicio.

steatosis
steatosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

esteatosis, infiltración grasa del hígado

esteatosis, infiltración grasa del hígado

allergy
allergy
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: The doctor advised her to avoid dairy products because of her lactose allergy. 

El médico le aconsejó que evitara los productos lácteos debido a su alergia a la lactosa.

concussion
concussion
[Sustantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

conmoción cerebral

conmoción cerebral

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 

El paciente presentó síntomas de una conmoción cerebral, incluyendo mareos, confusión y sensibilidad a la luz, después de un accidente automovilístico.

autism
autism
[Sustantivo]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

autismo

hypertension
hypertension
[Sustantivo]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hipertensión

hipertensión

tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[Sustantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrosis quística, mucoviscidosis

fibrosis quística, mucoviscidosis

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis are at risk of developing complications such as diabetes and liver disease. 

Las personas con fibrosis quística corren el riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones como la diabetes y la enfermedad hepática.

yellow fever
yellow fever
[Sustantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fiebre amarilla

fiebre amarilla

insomnia
insomnia
[Sustantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnio

insomnio

Ex: The doctor recommended a few relaxation techniques to help combat her insomnia and improve her sleep quality. 

El médico recomendó algunas técnicas de relajación para ayudar a combatir su insomnio y mejorar la calidad de su sueño.

obesity
obesity
[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

obesidad

Ex: Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. 

La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardíacas y ciertos tipos de cáncer.

attention deficit disorder

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

trastorno por déficit de atención, síndrome de déficit de atención

trastorno por déficit de atención, síndrome de déficit de atención

Ex: Adults with ADD may find it challenging to organize tasks and manage time effectively. 

Los adultos con trastorno por déficit de atención pueden encontrar difícil organizar tareas y gestionar el tiempo de manera efectiva.

dementia
dementia
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demencia

demencia

Ex: The doctor explained that dementia can affect both short-term and long-term memory. 

El médico explicó que la demencia puede afectar tanto la memoria a corto como a largo plazo.

mumps
mumps
[Sustantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

paperas, parotiditis

paperas, parotiditis

measles
measles
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampión

sarampión

Ex: Measles can spread through coughing and sneezing, as well as direct contact with infected droplets. 

El sarampión puede propagarse a través de la tos y los estornudos, así como por contacto directo con gotitas infectadas.

narcolepsy
narcolepsy
[Sustantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

Ex: The use of medications, such as stimulants, is common in managing symptoms of narcolepsy. 

El uso de medicamentos, como los estimulantes, es común en el manejo de los síntomas de la narcolepsia.

restless leg syndrome

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

síndrome de las piernas inquietas, enfermedad de Willis-Ekbom

síndrome de las piernas inquietas, enfermedad de Willis-Ekbom

Ex: Restless leg syndrome often kept him awake, leading to tiredness during the day. 

El síndrome de piernas inquietas a menudo lo mantenía despierto, lo que provocaba cansancio durante el día.

dermatitis
dermatitis
[Sustantivo]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatitis

dermatitis

Ex: Eczema is a form of dermatitis characterized by itchy, inflamed skin. 

El eccema es una forma de dermatitis caracterizada por piel inflamada y con picazón.

gigantism
gigantism
[Sustantivo]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantismo

gigantismo

Ex: Treatment for gigantism often involves surgery or medication to reduce the production of growth hormone. 

El tratamiento para el gigantismo a menudo implica cirugía o medicación para reducir la producción de hormona de crecimiento.

trauma
trauma
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

trauma

Ex: Childhood trauma can have long-lasting effects on a person's mental and emotional well-being. 

El trauma infantil puede tener efectos duraderos en el bienestar mental y emocional de una persona.

fester
fester
[Sustantivo]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

supuración, absceso

supuración, absceso

Ex: A warm compress can help reduce the swelling of a fester. 

Una compresa caliente puede ayudar a reducir la hinchazón de una llaga infectada.

epidemic
epidemic
[Sustantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia

epidemia

Ex: The flu epidemic affected thousands of people last winter. 

La epidemia de gripe afectó a miles de personas el invierno pasado.

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