ورودفعل "Be" برای مبتدیان
فعل To Be چیست؟
فعل To be می‌تواند بسته به فاعل و زمان جمله اشکال مختلفی داشته باشد. در این درس صرف این فعل را در حالات مختلف بررسی خواهیم کرد.
اشکال مختلف To Be
در زمان حال ساده، فعل To be می‌تواند بسته به فاعل سه شکل مختلف داشته باشد:
مفرد | معادل فارسی | جمع | معادل جمع |
|---|---|---|---|
I am | هستم | we are | هستیم |
you are | هستی | you are | هستید |
she/he/it is | هست | they are | هستند |
جملات زیر مثال‌هایی از کاربرد این فعل هستند:
I am happy.
من شاد هستم.
She is reading a book.
او در حال کتاب خواندن است.
We are friends.
ما دوست هستیم.
در زمان گذشته، فعل To be بسته به فاعل دو شکل متفاوت دارد:
مفرد | معادل فارسی | جمع | معادل فارسی |
|---|---|---|---|
I was | بودم | we were | بودیم |
you were | بودی | you were | بودید |
she/he/it was | بود | they were | بودند |
He was a teacher.
او یک معلم بود.
They were angry at me.
آنها از دست من عصبانی بودند.
جملات سوالی با To be
برای سوالی کردن جملات، جای فعل To be و فاعل را عوض کنید. برای مثال:
He is an actor. → Is he an actor?
او یک بازیگر است. ← آیا او یک بازیگر است؟
They are angry. → Are they angry?
آنها عصبانی هستند. ← آیا آنها عصبانی هستند؟
We were home last night → Were you home last night?
دیشب خانه بودیم. ← آیا دیشب خانه بودید؟
جملات منفی با To be
برای منفی کردن جملات، کافیست بعد از فعل To be کلمه‌ی not را اضافه کنید.
I am studying → I am not studying.
من در حال مطالعه هستم. ← من در حال مطالعه نیستم.
She is busy. → She is not busy./She isn't busy.
او مشغول است. ← او مشغول نیست.
He was happy to see us. → He was not happy to see us./He wasn’t happy to see us.
او از دیدن ما خوشحال بود. ← او از دیدن ما خوشحال نبود.
You were a student. → You were not a student./You weren’t a student.
تو دانش‌آموز بودی. ← تو دانش‌آموز نبودی.
Quiz:
Which of the following is the correct past tense form of "be" for the subject "she"?
was
is
were
am
Fill the blanks with the correct form of "be" based on the subject and tense.
I
going to the store later.
They
very excited about the trip next week.
She
tired last night.
I
studying for my exams yesterday.
He
not feeling well today.
We
planning a trip next month.
Fill in the table with the correct forms of the verb "be" for each subject and tense.
| Subject | Present | Past |
|---|---|---|
I | ||
you | ||
he/she/it | ||
we | ||
they |
Which sentence is the correct question form of the statement?
You are happy. → Are you happy?
She is studying. → Is studying she?
He is running → Is running he?
I am not sad. → Not am I sad?
Complete the table with the correct statement, negative, and question form of the verb "to be" based on the subject and tense
| Statement | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|
They are angry. | They angry. | angry? |
She busy. | She is not busy. | busy? |
You a student | You a student. | Were you a student? |
I happy. | I was not happy. | you happy? |
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