Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - آزمون 1 - خواندن - متن 1

(of a plant or shrub) retaining leaves all year round

to grow or extend new branches from the main trunk or stem of a tree or plant

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

to surround or cover something completely with a protective structure

(of plant or fruit tissue) soft, juicy, and succulent, often with a high water content

the dry outer covering of certain fruits, seeds, or grains

to separate or divide something along a straight line

a long, narrow raised part of a bone, tooth, or other body structure

made of lace or having a delicate appearance like lace

a deep and vivid red color

fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelops the seed

considered highly valuable or esteemed

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

a substance or combination of substances used to enhance or impart a specific taste to food or beverages

having properties or qualities suitable for treating or curing illnesses or promoting health

having the quality or effect of protecting something from decay, damage, or loss

a substance that exerts some force or effect

a person or business that buys and sells goods, especially in large quantities, for profit

to make information that was previously unknown or kept in secrecy publicly known

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

relating to Venice or its people, culture, or traditions

the state of having superiority over another party in terms of power, knowledge, influence, etc.

to make effective or profitable use of a resource, opportunity, or ability

to arrange for another person or company to perform part of contracted work

a person whose job involves buying and selling goods, shares, currencies, or other assets

to be present or available in large amounts

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

a group of ships, aircraft, or vehicles owned or operated together by the same organization

in a quick or immediate way

to exclude someone or something from participation or access

to increase rapidly to a high level

to resist or defend oneself against an attack or challenge, often by taking action to counter the aggression or difficulty

to create or establish an organization or place, especially by providing the finances

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

a business enterprise, particularly one operating on a large scale

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

reckless or dangerous because of extreme distress or hopelessness

lacking a sufficient amount of something in general

the ruler of a Muslim country, especially in the former Ottoman Empire

to make something stay in the same state or condition

not supporting or favoring either side in a conflict, dispute, competition, or disagreement

the state or fact of existing or occurring somewhere

armed forces or soldiers, especially by large numbers

a person or group that enters a place by force to take control

to gain control or possession of something through force, effort, or strategy

something purchased with the expectation that it will become more valuable or useful over time

to bring people or things together in one place

to remove something, such as a plant or tree, by pulling it completely out of the ground

a large piece of land used for growing sugar cane, coffee, tea, etc., particularly in a hot country

a specific area with unique characteristics

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

official permission, sanction, or approval

a white or gray powder made by heating certain types of rocks and is commonly used in building materials, making soil less acidic, or treating water

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

a small, thin piece cut, split, or broken from something, especially wood, glass, or metal

a middle position or solution that combines different or opposing qualities

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

firmly determined to do or achieve something

to reach or gain a particular thing, typically requiring significant amount of effort

influence or control over something or someone

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

a market situation in which a single company or supplier has exclusive control over a product or service and faces no effective competition

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

(of an animal, child, or plant) to grow with strength, health, or energy

the sudden release of lava, gases, and ash from a volcano

to completely remove or destroy something so that it no longer exists

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

to take hold of something suddenly and firmly

to remove a plant from its original place and replant it somewhere else

a metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

to spend as much money as needed to get the best result without trying to save money