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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Testul 4 - Lectură - Pasajul 1 (2)

Învățați vocabular din a doua parte a Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 1, cu cuvinte și expresii utile din text.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
to farm
to farm
[verb]

to grow crops or raise animals using agricultural techniques to improve production

cultiva, creste

cultiva, creste

Ex: The cooperative farms rice using traditional methods passed down for generations. 
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typically
typically
[adverb]

in a way that usually happens

tipic, de obicei

tipic, de obicei

Ex: The trains are typically punctual, but delays can happen during strikes. 

Trenurile sunt de obicei punctuale, dar pot apărea întârzieri în timpul grevelor.

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to retrofit

fit in or on an existing structure, such as an older house

adapta, moderniza

adapta, moderniza

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norm
norm
[substantiv]

a standard or accepted pattern of behavior within a particular group or society

normă,  normă socială

normă, normă socială

Ex: Shaking hands is a social norm in many cultures. 
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investor
investor
[substantiv]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

investitor, finanțator

investitor, finanțator

Ex: He became an investor in several tech companies. 
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to acquire

to gain skills or knowledge in something

dobândi, achiziționa

dobândi, achiziționa

Ex: Students in the science class aim to acquire a deeper understanding of complex concepts. 
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landscaping
landscaping
[substantiv]

the process of modifying the visible features of an area of land, such as adding plants, changing the terrain, or constructing structures, to improve its aesthetic appeal or make it more functional

amenajare peisagistică, peisagistică

amenajare peisagistică, peisagistică

Ex: The new homeowners hired a company to handle the landscaping of their backyard. 

Noii proprietari au angajat o companie pentru a se ocupa de amenajarea peisagistică a curții lor din spate.

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case
case
[substantiv]

an example of a certain kind of situation

caz, exemplu

caz, exemplu

Ex: The lawyer presented a strong case to the jury, emphasizing the evidence. 
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volunteer
volunteer
[substantiv]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

voluntar,  voluntară

voluntar, voluntară

Ex: The event relied heavily on volunteers to help with setup, registration, and cleanup. 
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consideration
consideration
[substantiv]

information that should be kept in mind when making a decision

considerare, luare în considerare

considerare, luare în considerare

Ex: Cost is an important consideration when choosing a new car. 
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drainage
drainage
[substantiv]

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

drenaj, scurgerea apei

drenaj, scurgerea apei

Ex: The local government is focusing on improving the drainage in areas prone to flooding during the rainy season. 
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restriction
restriction
[substantiv]

a rule or law that limits what one can do or the thing that can happen

restricție, limitare

restricție, limitare

Ex: The government imposed a restriction on the sale of certain chemicals to ensure public safety. 
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disruption
disruption
[substantiv]

an action that causes a delay or interruption in the ongoing continuity of an activity or process

întrerupere, perturbație

întrerupere, perturbație

Ex: The power outage caused a major disruption in our work schedule. 

Pana de curent a cauzat o perturbare majoră în programul nostru de lucru.

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regular
regular
[adjectiv]

happening or done frequently

regulat, frecvent

regulat, frecvent

Ex: He visits the gym on a regular basis to maintain his fitness. 
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installation
installation
[substantiv]

the act or process of putting equipment, machinery, or a system in place and making it ready for use

instalare

instalare

Ex: The installation of the new heating system took two days. 
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to convince

to make someone believe that something is true or certain

convinge, a convinge

convinge, a convinge

Ex: The evidence convinced the jury that he was innocent. 
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developer
developer
[substantiv]

a person or company that buys or prepares land and builds houses, offices, or other properties on it

dezvoltator,  dezvoltator imobiliar

dezvoltator, dezvoltator imobiliar

Ex: A developer plans to build several apartment blocks on the site. 
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worthwhile
worthwhile
[adjectiv]

deserving of time, effort, or attention due to inherent value or importance

valoros, care merită efortul

valoros, care merită efortul

Ex: Volunteering at the local community center is a worthwhile way to give back to the community and make a positive impact. 

Voluntariatul la centrul comunitar local este o modalitate demna de efort de a da înapoi comunității și de a avea un impact pozitiv.

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to develop

to design or create a new idea, product, system, or concept

dezvolta, elabora

dezvolta, elabora

Ex: The startup company is developing a novel technology to address water scarcity in arid regions. 
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to measure

to express the quantity, level, or extent of something using numerical values

a măsura, a evalua

a măsura, a evalua

Ex: The survey aims to measure the level of customer satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10. 
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expertise
expertise
[substantiv]

a high level of specialized knowledge or skill in a particular subject or activity

Ex: Emma has considerable expertise in digital marketing. 
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to construct

to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

construi, ridica

construi, ridica

Ex: The company is planning to construct a new office building to accommodate its growing workforce. 
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properly
properly
[adverb]

in a manner suited to the occasion or respectful of expected behavior or norms

corect, adecvat

corect, adecvat

Ex: Guests are expected to dress properly for the ceremony. 

Se așteaptă ca invitații să se îmbrace corespunzător pentru ceremonie.

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to function

to work or perform properly

funcționa, opera

funcționa, opera

Ex: Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure that your car continues to function smoothly. 
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to underpin

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

susține, forma baza

susține, forma baza

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variation
variation
[substantiv]

a slight or noticeable change or alteration from the normal or standard state of something

variație, schimbare

variație, schimbare

Ex: The artist's style shows variation across different periods of their career. 
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concept
concept
[substantiv]

a principle or idea that is abstract

concept, idee

concept, idee

Ex: The concept of freedom means different things to different people. 
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to enable
to enable
[verb]

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

permite, abilita

permite, abilita

Ex: Supportive policies enable businesses to thrive in a competitive market. 
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rainfall
rainfall
[substantiv]

the event of rain falling from the sky

precipitații, ploaie

precipitații, ploaie

Ex: The rainfall this year has been much higher than usual. 

Precipitațiile din acest an au fost mult mai mari decât de obicei.

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combination
combination
[substantiv]

a unified whole created by joining or mixing two or more distinct elements or parts together

combinație, amestec

combinație, amestec

Ex: The artist's unique combination of colors made the painting stand out. 
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solar panel
solar panel
[substantiv]

a piece of equipment, usually placed on a roof, that absorbs the energy of sun and uses it to produce electricity or heat

panou solar, panou fotovoltaic

panou solar, panou fotovoltaic

Ex: The house was equipped with solar panels to reduce energy costs. 

Casa era echipată cu panouri solare pentru a reduce costurile energetice.

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wild
wild
[adjectiv]

(of an animal or plant) living or growing in a natural state, without any human interference

sălbatic, natural

sălbatic, natural

Ex: In the wilderness, you can encounter wild creatures like bears and wolves. 
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to maximize

to increase something to the highest possible level

maximiza, optimiza

maximiza, optimiza

Ex: She always tries to maximize her productivity by planning her tasks efficiently. 

Ea încearcă întotdeauna să-și maximizeze productivitatea planificând eficient sarcinile sale.

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biodiversity
biodiversity
[substantiv]

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biodiversitate, diversitate biologică

biodiversitate, diversitate biologică

Ex: The rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity, housing countless species of flora and fauna. 

Pădurea tropicală este cunoscută pentru bogata sa biodiversitate, găzduind nenumărate specii de floră și faună.

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trend
trend
[substantiv]

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

tendință, trend

tendință, trend

Ex: There is a growing trend towards remote work and flexible scheduling among companies. 
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vibrant
vibrant
[adjectiv]

full of energy, enthusiasm, and life

dinamic, energic

dinamic, energic

Ex: Her vibrant personality lights up any room she enters. 

Personalitatea ei vibrantă luminează orice încăpere în care intră.

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economy
economy
[substantiv]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

economie

economie

Ex: High inflation rates can negatively impact an economy by reducing purchasing power and increasing costs. 
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barrier
barrier
[substantiv]

an obstacle that separates people or hinders any progress or communication

barieră, obstacol

barieră, obstacol

Ex: Cultural differences sometimes create barriers between people. 
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to overcome

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

învinge, depăși

învinge, depăși

Ex: Individuals overcome personal fears through gradual exposure and self-reflection. 
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sustainably
sustainably
[adverb]

in a manner that is environmentally practical in the long term, without draining resources or causing harm

sustenabil

sustenabil

Ex: The construction project aims to utilize sustainably sourced materials. 

Proiectul de construcție are ca scop utilizarea materialelor provenite din surse durabile.

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to replicate

to make an exact copy of something

replica, copia

replica, copia

Ex: They replicated the design of the antique chair using modern materials and techniques. 

Ei au replicat designul scaunului antic folosind materiale și tehnici moderne.

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nota bene
nota bene
[substantiv]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, observați bine

nota bene, observați bine

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reference
reference
[substantiv]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

referință, citat

referință, citat

Ex: His speech made multiple references to historical events. 
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to promote

to help or support the progress or development of something

promova, sprijini

promova, sprijini

Ex: The manager worked to promote teamwork and collaboration within the team. 
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existing
existing
[adjectiv]

currently present or in operation

existent, valabil

existent, valabil

Ex: The existing policies will remain in place until further notice. 

Politicile existente vor rămâne în vigoare până la o nouă notificare.

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initiative
initiative
[substantiv]

the first of a series of actions

inițiativă, prima acțiune

inițiativă, prima acțiune

Ex: She took the initiative in starting the negotiations. 
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persuasive
persuasive
[adjectiv]

capable of convincing others to do or believe something particular

persuasiv, convingător

persuasiv, convingător

Ex: His persuasive arguments convinced the jury of the defendant's innocence. 

Argumentele sale convingătoare l-au convins pe juriu de nevinovăția acuzatului.

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likelihood
likelihood
[substantiv]

the chance or probability that something will happen or be true

probabilitate, posibilitate

probabilitate, posibilitate

Ex: There is a strong likelihood that the storm will reach the coast tonight. 
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to cope
to cope
[verb]

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

face față, gestiona

face față, gestiona

Ex: Individuals coping with loss may seek support from friends and family for emotional well-being. 
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availability
availability
[substantiv]

the state of being available for use, purchase, access, or other purposes

disponibilitate,  accesibilitate

disponibilitate, accesibilitate

Ex: The availability of affordable housing remains a major concern. 
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economical
economical
[adjectiv]

using resources wisely and efficiently and minimizing waste and unnecessary expenses

economic, econom

economic, econom

Ex: They chose an economical solution that reduced production costs significantly. 

Au ales o soluție economică care a redus semnificativ costurile de producție.

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to cultivate

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

cultiva, crește

cultiva, crește

Ex: The farm cultivates wheat to supply local bakeries. 

Ferma cultivă grâu pentru a aproviziona brutăriile locale.

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surface area
surface area
[substantiv]

the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies

suprafață,  aria suprafeței

suprafață, aria suprafeței

Ex: To find the surface area of a cube, you calculate the area of one face and multiply it by six. 

Pentru a găsi suprafața unui cub, calculezi aria unei fețe și o înmulțești cu șase.

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range
range
[substantiv]

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

gamă,  varietate

gamă, varietate

Ex: Her wardrobe includes a diverse range of clothing, from casual wear to formal attire. 
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species
species
[substantiv]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

specie, specii

specie, specii

Ex: The Galapagos finches are a classic example of how different species can evolve from a common ancestor. 

Cinchezii Galapagos sunt un exemplu clasic al modului în care diferite specii pot evolua dintr-un strămoș comun.

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to regulate

to organize or arrange something according to a regular, orderly, or systematic pattern

reglementa,  ordona

reglementa, ordona

Ex: The manager introduced procedures to regulate the daily workflow. 
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to generate

to produce energy, such as heat, electricity, etc.

produce, genera

produce, genera

Ex: The solar panels on the roof generate electricity for the entire house. 
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to supply
to supply
[verb]

to provide something needed or wanted

furniza, aprovisiona

furniza, aprovisiona

Ex: The charity organization works to supply aid and support to those in need during emergencies. 
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