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Bokabularyo ng Silangan at Gitnang Aprika - Etiyopiya

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East and Central Africa Vocabulary
highland
highland
[Pangngalan]

land with mountains or hills

kataasan, bulubundukin

kataasan, bulubundukin

Ex: Indigenous peoples in the Andean Highlands have cultivated terraced fields for centuries, adapting to the challenges of farming at high altitudes. 

Ang mga katutubong tao sa kabundukan ng Andean ay nagtanim ng mga terraced field sa loob ng maraming siglo, na umaangkop sa mga hamon ng pagsasaka sa mataas na altitude.

rift
rift
[Pangngalan]

a narrow crack or split in rock or the earth's surface

bitak, basag

bitak, basag

Ex: The climbers had to navigate a dangerous rift. 

Kailangang mag-navigate ang mga umakyat sa isang mapanganib na bitak.

valley
valley
[Pangngalan]

a low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it

lambak, libis

lambak, libis

Ex: They hiked through the valley to reach the lake. 
vibrant
vibrant
[pang-uri]

full of energy, enthusiasm, and life

masigla, masigla

masigla, masigla

Ex: The party was vibrant, with everyone dancing and having a great time. 

Ang party ay masigla, lahat ay sumasayaw at nag-eenjoy.

breathtaking
breathtaking
[pang-uri]

incredibly impressive or beautiful, often leaving one feeling amazed

nakakabilib, kahanga-hanga

nakakabilib, kahanga-hanga

Ex: The ballet performance was simply breathtaking, with its graceful movements and stunning choreography. 

Ang pagganap ng ballet ay simpleng nakakapanginig ng laman, kasama ang malambing nitong mga galaw at kamangha-manghang koreograpiya.

birthplace
birthplace
[Pangngalan]

the location where something began, developed, or was first created

lugar ng kapanganakan, duyan

lugar ng kapanganakan, duyan

Ex: Ancient Greece is often called the birthplace of democracy. 

Ang Sinaunang Gresya ay madalas na tinatawag na pinagmulan ng demokrasya.

humanity
humanity
[Pangngalan]

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

sangkatauhan, lahi ng tao

sangkatauhan, lahi ng tao

diversity
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the state of including or containing many different types, characteristics, or elements

pagkakaiba-iba,  diversidad

pagkakaiba-iba, diversidad

Ex: The region is known for the diversity of its wildlife. 
scenery
scenery
[Pangngalan]

the overall appearance of a place, including its natural features and buildings

tanawin, panorama

tanawin, panorama

Ex: The mountain scenery was beautiful. 

Maganda ang tanawin ng bundok.

to colonize
to colonize
[Pandiwa]

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

manirahan

manirahan

Ex: European powers colonized large parts of Africa in the 19th century. 
to preserve
to preserve
[Pandiwa]

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

panatilihin, ingatan

panatilihin, ingatan

Ex: Historical artifacts are preserved in museums to maintain their original condition. 
archeologist
archeologist
[Pangngalan]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

arkeologo

arkeologo

to [lead] {sb} to believe

to cause someone to think that something is true

Ex: The evidence led investigators to believe that the fire was accidental. 
evolution
evolution
[Pangngalan]

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

ebolusyon,  ebolusyong biyolohikal

ebolusyon, ebolusyong biyolohikal

Ex: Evolution explains how populations of organisms change over many generations. 
skeleton
skeleton
[Pangngalan]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

kalansay, balangkas

kalansay, balangkas

Ex: The X-ray revealed a fracture in his skeleton. 

Ipinakita ng X-ray ang isang bali sa kanyang kalansay.

civilization
civilization
[Pangngalan]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

sibilisasyon, lipunan

sibilisasyon, lipunan

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 

Ang sinaunang Ehipto ay itinuturing na isa sa pinakadakilang sibilisasyon sa kasaysayan.

distant
distant
[pang-uri]

having a great space or extent between two points

malayo,  malayong

malayo, malayong

Ex: Their house is located in a distant village in the mountains. 

Ang kanilang bahay ay matatagpuan sa isang malayong nayon sa bundok.

goods
goods
[Pangngalan]

items made or produced for sale

kalakal,  produkto

kalakal, produkto

Ex: The store offers a wide range of goods, from fresh produce to handmade crafts. 

Ang tindahan ay nag-aalok ng malawak na hanay ng mga kalakal, mula sa sariwang produkto hanggang sa mga gawang-kamay na crafts.

ivory
ivory
[Pangngalan]

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

garing, denting garing

garing, denting garing

to adopt
to adopt
[Pandiwa]

to accept, embrace, or incorporate a particular idea, practice, or belief into one's own behavior or lifestyle

tanggapin, yakapin

tanggapin, yakapin

Ex: Many individuals adopt a minimalist lifestyle to promote sustainability 
sacred
sacred
[pang-uri]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

banal, sagrado

banal, sagrado

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 

Ang ilog ay itinuturing na banal sa maraming katutubong kultura.

ethnic group
ethnic group
[Pangngalan]

a group of people who share a common culture, language, religion, or ancestry

pangkat etniko, etnisidad

pangkat etniko, etnisidad

Ex: The country is home to many ethnic groups. 

Ang bansa ay tahanan ng maraming pangkat etniko.

way of life
way of life
[Parirala]

a set of values, rules, standards, and principles typical to a person or group

coffee bean
coffee bean
[Pangngalan]

a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee

butil ng kape, binhi ng kape

butil ng kape, binhi ng kape

to roast
to roast
[Pandiwa]

to heat beans, nuts, or seeds until they develop flavor, aroma, or color

mag-ihaw, i-roast

mag-ihaw, i-roast

Ex: Peanuts are roasted for use in candy and snacks. 
to brew
to brew
[Pandiwa]

to make a drink, such as tea or coffee, or soup by soaking ingredients in hot water

maghanda, gumawa

maghanda, gumawa

Ex: The café brews its own special blend of iced tea. 

Ang café ay naghahanda ng sariling espesyal na timpla ng iced tea.

to build
to build
[Pandiwa]

to cause something to form or develop

magtayo, bumuo

magtayo, bumuo

Ex: She is building a portfolio of successful projects to showcase her skills. 
cuisine
cuisine
[Pangngalan]

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

lutuan

lutuan

Ex: They sampled a variety of Asian cuisine, including sushi, dim sum, and curry. 

Nakasubok sila ng iba't ibang lutuing Asyano, kasama ang sushi, dim sum, at curry.

flatbread
flatbread
[Pangngalan]

flat and thin type of bread that contains no yeast

flatbread, tinapay

flatbread, tinapay

Ex: She made flatbread to serve with the hummus and vegetables. 

Gumawa siya ng flatbread para ihain kasama ng hummus at gulay.

grain
grain
[Pangngalan]

a single small seedlike fruit of a cereal plant such as wheat, rice, or corn

butil,  buto

butil, buto

Ex: A single grain of rice had fallen onto the table. 
stew
stew
[Pangngalan]

a dish of vegetables or meat cooked at a low temperature in liquid in a closed container

sinigang, nilaga

sinigang, nilaga

Ex: She simmered a hearty beef stew on the stove, filling the kitchen with mouthwatering aromas. 

Nagpakulo siya ng isang masustansiyang stew ng baka sa kalan, pinupuno ang kusina ng nakakagutom na mga amoy.

to tear off
to tear off
[Pandiwa]

remove by pulling or ripping violently and forcefully

punitin,  hilahin

punitin, hilahin

to scoop up
to scoop up
[Pandiwa]

to gather or lift something using a scoop or similar tool

saluhin, tipunin

saluhin, tipunin

Ex: The excavator was able to scoop up large amounts of soil and debris in a single pass during the construction project. 

Nagawang saluhin ng excavator ang malalaking halaga ng lupa at debris sa isang pass lamang sa proyektong konstruksyon.

communal
communal
[pang-uri]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

Ex: The village built a communal garden for everyone to use. 

Ang nayon ay nagtayo ng isang pangkomunidad na hardin para magamit ng lahat.

natural wonder
natural wonder
[Pangngalan]

a remarkable natural feature or phenomenon that is extraordinary or awe-inspiring

kahanga-hangang kalikasan, pambihirang natural na pangyayari

kahanga-hangang kalikasan, pambihirang natural na pangyayari

Ex: The Grand Canyon is considered a natural wonder. 

Ang Grand Canyon ay itinuturing na isang kamangha-manghang natural.

to range
to range
[Pandiwa]

to have or include a variety of what is mentioned

sumaklaw, mag-iba-iba

sumaklaw, mag-iba-iba

Ex: His skills ranged from programming and web design to graphic design and video editing. 
towering
towering
[pang-uri]

having an impressive height

kahanga-hanga, dambuhala

kahanga-hanga, dambuhala

Ex: The towering cliffs along the coastline made for a breathtaking view. 

Ang matatayog na mga bangin sa baybayin ay nagbigay ng nakakapanginig na tanawin.

mountain range
mountain range
[Pangngalan]

a group of mountains or hills in a line

hanay ng bundok, tanikala ng bundok

hanay ng bundok, tanikala ng bundok

Ex: The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world. 

Ang Himalayas ang pinakamataas na hanay ng bundok sa mundo.

salt flat
salt flat
[Pangngalan]

a flat expanse of salt left by the evaporation of a body of salt water

kapatagan ng asin, asinang kapatagan

kapatagan ng asin, asinang kapatagan

hot spring
hot spring
[Pangngalan]

a source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground

mainit na bukal, bukal ng init

mainit na bukal, bukal ng init

Ex: Tourists soaked in the hot springs to relieve muscle pain. 

Ang mga turista ay naligo sa mainit na bukal para maibsan ang pananakit ng kalamnan.

active
active
[pang-uri]

(of a volcano) currently showing signs of volcanic activity or having the potential to become active soon

aktibo, gumagana

aktibo, gumagana

Ex: Volcanologists were surprised when the previously quiet volcano became active overnight. 
to trade
to trade
[Pandiwa]

to buy and sell or exchange items of value

magkalakal, magpalitan

magkalakal, magpalitan

Ex: The company has recently traded shares on the stock market. 
spectacular
spectacular
[pang-uri]

extremely impressive or beautiful to look at

kamangha-mangha

kamangha-mangha

Ex: The hotel offers spectacular views of the mountains. 
mist
mist
[Pangngalan]

a thin cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the air near the ground

ambon,  hamog

ambon, hamog

Ex: A light mist covered the lake early in the morning. 
baptism
baptism
[Pangngalan]

a Christian ceremony during which water is poured on someone or they are immersed into water to welcome them to the Church

binyag, seremonya ng pagiging Kristiyano

binyag, seremonya ng pagiging Kristiyano

Ex: The baby's baptism was held at the local church last Sunday. 

Ang binyag ng sanggol ay ginanap sa lokal na simbahan noong nakaraang Linggo.

to attend
to attend
[Pandiwa]

to go to school, university, church, etc. periodically

dumalo, pumasok

dumalo, pumasok

Ex: They attend a music academy to learn to play instruments. 
church service
church service
[Pangngalan]

a service conducted in a house of worship

serbisyo sa simbahan, serbisyong panrelihiyon

serbisyo sa simbahan, serbisyong panrelihiyon

to participate

to take part or become involved in an activity, event, or situation

lumahok,  makilahok

lumahok, makilahok

Ex: More than 200 students participated in the competition. 
procession
procession
[Pangngalan]

a group of people, animals, or vehicles moving ahead in an organized formation

prusisyon, parada

prusisyon, parada

Ex: A procession of elephants walked through the festival grounds. 

Isang prusisyon ng mga elepante ang naglakad sa pamamagitan ng mga lupain ng pista.

to [take] part
to take part
[Parirala]

to participate in something, such as an event or activity

Ex: He was excited to take part in the debate competition and showcase his public speaking skills. 
bonfire
bonfire
[Pangngalan]

a large fire built outdoors for celebration or signaling

dambana, malaking apoy

dambana, malaking apoy

Ex: They gathered around the bonfire on the beach. 

Nagtipon sila sa paligid ng dambuhalang apoy sa dalampasigan.

continent
continent
[Pangngalan]

one of the Earth's main large landmasses, such as Africa, Asia, or Europe

kontinente,  lupalop

kontinente, lupalop

Ex: Asia is the largest continent. 
headquarters
headquarters
[Pangngalan]

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

punong-tanggapan, headquarters

punong-tanggapan, headquarters

Ex: The company's headquarters are located in downtown New York City. 

Ang punong-tanggapan ng kumpanya ay matatagpuan sa downtown New York City.

to promote
to promote
[Pandiwa]

to help or support the progress or development of something

itaguyod, suportahan

itaguyod, suportahan

Ex: The manager worked to promote teamwork and collaboration within the team. 
peacekeeping mission

the activity of keeping the peace by military forces (especially when international military forces enforce a truce between hostile groups or nations)

misyon ng pagpapanatili ng kapayapaan

misyon ng pagpapanatili ng kapayapaan

neighboring
neighboring
[pang-uri]

(of a place) close to another

kalapit, katabi

kalapit, katabi

Ex: The neighboring countries of Canada and the United States share the longest undefended border in the world. 

Ang mga karatig na bansa ng Canada at Estados Unidos ay nagbabahagi ng pinakamahabang hindi nagtatanggol na hangganan sa mundo.

to intervene
to intervene
[Pandiwa]

to become involved in a situation in order to change, improve, or prevent its outcome

mamagitan,  makialam

mamagitan, makialam

Ex: The teacher intervened before the argument became a fight. 
to stand up for

to defend or support someone or something

ipagtanggol, suportahan

ipagtanggol, suportahan

Ex: She bravely stood up for her younger sibling against the school bullies. 

Matapang niyang ipinagtanggol ang kanyang nakababatang kapatid laban sa mga bully sa paaralan.

gregorian calendar
gregorian calendar
[Pangngalan]

the calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XII in 1582, as a modification for the Julian Calendar, presently used in many parts of the world

kalendaryong Gregoryano, kalendaryo ni Gregorio

kalendaryong Gregoryano, kalendaryo ni Gregorio

heritage
heritage
[Pangngalan]

the traditions, customs, achievements, and cultural features passed down through generations within a society or community

Ex: The festival celebrates the region's rich cultural heritage. 
stunning
stunning
[pang-uri]

causing strong admiration or shock due to beauty or impact

nakakamangha, kahanga-hanga

nakakamangha, kahanga-hanga

Ex: The stunning landscape of the countryside was captured in the artist's painting. 

Ang kahanga-hanga na tanawin ng kanayunan ay kinuha sa pagpipinta ng artista.

landscape
landscape
[Pangngalan]

an area of scenery visible in a single view

tanawin, panorama

tanawin, panorama

Ex: The garden was designed to enhance the natural landscape. 
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