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Aklat Total English - Paunang Intermediate - Yunit 4 - Sanggunian

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 4 - Sanggunian sa Total English Pre-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "control", "fear", "mental", atbp.

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Total English - Pre-intermediate
to challenge
[Pandiwa]

to invite someone to compete or strongly suggest they should do something, often to test their abilities or encourage action

hamunin, anyayahan sa paligsahan

hamunin, anyayahan sa paligsahan

Ex: By this time , they have challenged each other in numerous debates .Sa panahong ito, nag-**hamon** na sila sa isa't isa sa maraming debate.
goal
[Pangngalan]

our purpose or desired result

layunin, hangarin

layunin, hangarin

Ex: Setting short-term goals can help break down larger tasks into manageable steps .Ang pagtatakda ng mga **layunin** na panandalian ay makakatulong upang hatiin ang mas malalaking gawain sa mga hakbang na kayang pamahalaan.
to control
[Pandiwa]

to have power over a person, company, country, etc. and to decide how things should be done

kontrolin, pamahalaan

kontrolin, pamahalaan

Ex: Political leaders strive to control policies that impact the welfare of the citizens .Ang mga lider pampulitika ay nagsisikap na **kontrolin** ang mga patakaran na nakakaapekto sa kapakanan ng mga mamamayan.
fear
[Pangngalan]

a bad feeling that we get when we are afraid or worried

takot, pangamba

takot, pangamba

Ex: His fear of public speaking caused him to avoid presentations and speeches .Ang **takot** niya sa pagsasalita sa harap ng publiko ang nagtulak sa kanya na iwasan ang mga presentasyon at talumpati.
physical
[pang-uri]

related to the body rather than the mind

pisikal, pang-katawan

pisikal, pang-katawan

Ex: The physical therapist recommended specific exercises to improve mobility.Inirerekomenda ng **physical therapist** ang mga partikular na ehersisyo para mapabuti ang paggalaw.
mental
[pang-uri]

happening or related to someone's mind, involving thoughts, feelings, and cognitive processes

pang-isip, intelektuwal

pang-isip, intelektuwal

Ex: The game challenges players to use their mental faculties to overcome obstacles.Hinahamon ng laro ang mga manlalaro na gamitin ang kanilang mga kakayahan **pang-isip** upang malampasan ang mga hadlang.
strength
[Pangngalan]

the quality or state of being physically or mentally strong

lakas, tatag

lakas, tatag

Ex: The company 's financial strength enabled it to withstand economic downturns .Ang **lakas** pinansyal ng kumpanya ay nagbigay-daan dito upang makayanan ang mga pagbagsak ng ekonomiya.
to rely on
[Pandiwa]

to have faith in someone or something

umasa sa, magtiwala sa

umasa sa, magtiwala sa

Ex: The team knew they could rely on their captain 's leadership during tough matches .Alam ng koponan na maaari silang **umasa sa** pamumuno ng kanilang kapitan sa mga mahihirap na laro.
to build
[Pandiwa]

to put together different materials such as brick to make a building, etc.

magtayo, gumawa

magtayo, gumawa

Ex: The historical monument was built in the 18th century .Ang makasaysayang monumento ay **itinayo** noong ika-18 siglo.
shelter
[Pangngalan]

a place or building that is meant to provide protection against danger or bad weather

kanlungan, silungan

kanlungan, silungan

Ex: The soldiers constructed a shelter to rest for the night .Ang mga sundalo ay nagtayo ng **kanlungan** upang magpahinga sa gabi.
to achieve
[Pandiwa]

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

makamit, magawa

makamit, magawa

Ex: The student 's perseverance and late-night study sessions helped him achieve high scores on the challenging exams .Ang tiyaga ng mag-aaral at ang kanyang mga sesyon ng pag-aaral sa gabi ay nakatulong sa kanya na **makamit** ang mataas na marka sa mahihirap na pagsusulit.
to cope
[Pandiwa]

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

harapin, pangasiwaan

harapin, pangasiwaan

Ex: Couples may attend counseling sessions to cope with relationship difficulties and improve communication .Maaaring dumalo ang mga mag-asawa sa mga sesyon ng pagpapayo upang **harapin** ang mga paghihirap sa relasyon at pagbutihin ang komunikasyon.
to push
[Pandiwa]

to force someone to do something, particularly against their will

itulak, pilitin

itulak, pilitin

Ex: Stop pushing me to take sides in your argument .Tigil mo ang **pagpilit** sa akin na kumampi sa away mo.
survival
[Pangngalan]

the state in which a person manages to stay alive or strong despite dangers or difficulties

pagtitiis, pananatiling buhay

pagtitiis, pananatiling buhay

Ex: The book tells a powerful story of survival against overwhelming odds .Ang libro ay nagkukuwento ng isang makapangyarihang kuwento ng **paglalaban** laban sa napakalaking mga hadlang.
wilderness
[Pangngalan]

an area of land that has remained largely undisturbed by humans and their modern development

ilang, disyerto

ilang, disyerto

Ex: They built a cabin in the middle of the wilderness.Nagtayo sila ng isang cabin sa gitna ng **gubat**.
brave
[pang-uri]

having no fear when doing dangerous or painful things

matapang, malakas ang loob

matapang, malakas ang loob

Ex: The brave doctor performed the risky surgery with steady hands , saving the patient 's life .Ang **matapang** na doktor ay nagsagawa ng mapanganib na operasyon nang may matatag na mga kamay, at iniligtas ang buhay ng pasyente.
confident
[pang-uri]

having a strong belief in one's abilities or qualities

tiwala sa sarili,  may kumpiyansa

tiwala sa sarili, may kumpiyansa

Ex: The teacher was confident about her students ' progress .Ang guro ay **tiyak** sa pag-unlad ng kanyang mga estudyante.
determined
[pang-uri]

having or displaying a strong will to achieve a goal despite the challenges or obstacles

desidido

desidido

Ex: Her determined spirit inspired everyone around her to work harder .Ang kanyang **determinadong** espiritu ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa lahat sa kanyang paligid na magtrabaho nang mas mahirap.
fit
[pang-uri]

healthy and strong, especially due to regular physical exercise or balanced diet

malusog, fit

malusog, fit

Ex: She follows a balanced diet , and her doctor says she 's very fit.Sumusunod siya sa isang balanseng diyeta, at sinabi ng kanyang doktor na siya ay napaka-**fit**.
funny
[pang-uri]

able to make people laugh

nakakatawa, masaya

nakakatawa, masaya

Ex: The cartoon was so funny that I could n't stop laughing .Ang cartoon ay napaka **nakakatawa** na hindi ako mapigilang tumawa.
generous
[pang-uri]

having a willingness to freely give or share something with others, without expecting anything in return

mapagbigay,  bukas-palad

mapagbigay, bukas-palad

Ex: They thanked her for the generous offer to pay for the repairs .Pinasalamatan nila siya sa **mapagbigay** na alok na bayaran ang mga pag-aayos.
intelligent
[pang-uri]

good at learning things, understanding ideas, and thinking clearly

matalino, marunong

matalino, marunong

Ex: This is an intelligent device that learns from your usage patterns .Ito ay isang **matalinong** aparato na natututo mula sa iyong mga pattern ng paggamit.
motivated
[pang-uri]

having a strong desire or ambition to achieve a goal or accomplish a task

motibado, determinado

motibado, determinado

Ex: Despite setbacks , he remained motivated to pursue his dreams .Sa kabila ng mga kabiguan, nanatili siyang **motibado** na ituloy ang kanyang mga pangarap.
reliable
[pang-uri]

able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

Ex: The reliable product has a reputation for durability and performance .Ang **maaasahan** na produkto ay may reputasyon para sa tibay at performance.
talented
[pang-uri]

possessing a natural skill or ability for something

may talino, magaling

may talino, magaling

Ex: The company is looking for talented engineers to join their team .Ang kumpanya ay naghahanap ng mga **magaling** na inhinyero na sumali sa kanilang koponan.
blanket
[Pangngalan]

a large piece of fabric made of wool, cotton, or other materials that is used to keep warm or to provide comfort, used on beds, sofas, chairs, etc.

kumot, blangket

kumot, blangket

Ex: The colorful quilted blanket added a touch of warmth and style to the otherwise plain bedroom decor .Ang makulay na quilted **kumot** ay nagdagdag ng init at estilo sa simpleng dekorasyon ng kwarto.
match
[Pangngalan]

a small stick with a tip that catches fire when rubbed on a rough surface

posporo, lighter

posporo, lighter

Ex: She used a match to start the campfire in the woods .Gumamit siya ng **posporo** upang simulan ang campfire sa gubat.
candle
[Pangngalan]

a block or stick of wax with a string inside that can be lit to produce light

kandila, sasag

kandila, sasag

Ex: The power outage forced us to rely on candles for illumination during the storm .Ang pagkawala ng kuryente ay nagpilit sa amin na umasa sa **mga kandila** para sa ilaw sa panahon ng bagyo.
chocolate
[Pangngalan]

a type of food that is brown and sweet and is made from ground cocoa seeds

tsokolate

tsokolate

Ex: I love to indulge in a piece of dark chocolate after dinner.Gusto kong magpakasaya sa isang piraso ng dark **chocolate** pagkatapos ng hapunan.
first-aid kit
[Pangngalan]

a set of tools and medical supplies, usually carried in a bag or case, used in case of emergency or injury

first-aid kit, kit ng pangunang lunas

first-aid kit, kit ng pangunang lunas

Ex: She kept a first-aid kit in her car for emergencies .Nagtabi siya ng **first-aid kit** sa kanyang kotse para sa mga emergency.
mirror
[Pangngalan]

a flat surface made of glass that people can see themselves in

salamin, espeho

salamin, espeho

Ex: She applied makeup in front of the magnifying mirror on the vanity .Nag-apply siya ng makeup sa harap ng **salamin** na nagpapalaki sa vanity.
penknife
[Pangngalan]

a small, foldable knife designed for general use, often carried in a pocket

kutsilyong pantasa, maliit na natitiklop na kutsilyo

kutsilyong pantasa, maliit na natitiklop na kutsilyo

Ex: A penknife can be useful for outdoor activities .Ang isang **balaraw** ay maaaring maging kapaki-pakinabang para sa mga aktibidad sa labas.
radio
[Pangngalan]

a device that is used for listening to programs that are broadcast

radyo, aparatong radyo

radyo, aparatong radyo

Ex: We enjoy listening to the radio during our road trips .Nasisiyahan kami sa pakikinig sa **radio** habang nasa biyahe kami.
scissors
[Pangngalan]

a tool used to cut paper, cloth, etc. with two handles and two sharp edges, joined in the middle

gunting

gunting

Ex: The tailor used scissors to snip loose threads and adjust garment lengths .Ginamit ng mananahi ang **gunting** para putulin ang mga maluluwag na sinulid at ayusin ang haba ng mga damit.
tent
[Pangngalan]

a shelter that usually consists of a long sheet of cloth, nylon, etc. supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, that we especially use for camping

tolda, kubo

tolda, kubo

Ex: We slept in a tent during our camping trip .Natulog kami sa isang **tolda** habang nasa camping trip kami.
torch
[Pangngalan]

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

sulo, torch

sulo, torch

Ex: A torch burned at the entrance of the ancient temple .Isang **sulo** ang nasusunog sa pasukan ng sinaunang templo.
umbrella
[Pangngalan]

an object with a circular folding frame covered in cloth, used as protection against rain or sun

payong

payong

Ex: When the sudden rain started , everyone rushed to open their umbrellas and find shelter .Nang biglang umulan, nagmadali ang lahat na buksan ang kanilang **payong** at humanap ng kanlungan.
Aklat Total English - Paunang Intermediate
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