Sciences Fondamentales - Chimie
Étudiez les termes liés à la composition chimique, les composés, les solutions, les acides, les bases, les propriétés des matériaux et les processus de laboratoire.
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(chemistry) a substance used in or produced by a reaction that changes atoms or molecules
produit chimique
the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined
composition
a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions
composé
derived from, produced by, or relating to living organisms
organique
describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter
inorganique
Les métaux comme le fer et le cuivre sont des exemples d'éléments inorganiques cruciaux pour les applications industrielles.
a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance
solvant
Le chloroforme agit comme un solvant efficace pour les lipides, les graisses et les cires en raison de sa nature non polaire.
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
soluté, substance dissoute
Lorsque du sucre (saccharose) est ajouté au café, le sucre sert de soluté qui se dissout dans le café, le solvant.
(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid
soluble
Le glycérol est miscible et soluble dans de nombreux solvants polaires mais ne se dissoudra pas dans les liquides non polaires comme les huiles.
unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid
insoluble, indissoluble
Malgré le remuement, la poudre est restée insoluble.
a mixture of different liquids
solution
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
isotope, forme isotopique
Le deutérium et le tritium sont des isotopes de l'hydrogène, distingués par leurs nombres différents de neutrons.
a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant
alliage
Le laiton, qui est un alliage de cuivre et de zinc, est couramment utilisé dans les équipements de plomberie et les instruments de musique.
a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis
alcool, éthanol
(chemistry) a dark liquid from underground, made of hydrocarbons, used to make fuel and plastic
pétrole
(chemistry) a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or a metal-like group
sel
a hard alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin
bronze
a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.
acier, métal dur
(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors
graphite
a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.
métal
made of or resembling metal
métallique, métallisé
Le bâtiment industriel avait une structure métallique, lui donnant une apparence moderne.
(chemistry) a salt or ester of sulfurous acid used as a preservative in foods and wines
sulfite
a numerical measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on hydrogen-ion activity
pH, potentiel hydrogène
any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water
alcali
Les alcalis comme le carbonate de potassium sont utilisés pour neutraliser les acides dans les laboratoires de chimie.
(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
base
a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7
acide
the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7
acidité, niveau d'acidité
L'acidité de l'eau a augmenté après la pluie.
(chemistry) able to act as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions
amphotère, amphotérique
the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
corrosion, rouille
Une maintenance régulière est nécessaire pour prévenir la corrosion et prolonger la durée de vie des structures métalliques.
to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it
distiller
Les huiles essentielles ont été distillées à partir de diverses plantes aromatiques.
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
mole, quantité de matière
(chemistry) to become separated from the solvent in a solid form
précipiter
Alors que la température baissait, les minéraux dissous dans l'eau ont commencé à précipiter, formant des dépôts à la surface des tuyaux.
having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability
volatile, instable
Le composé chimique est volatile et doit être manipulé avec précaution.
a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added
tampon, solution tampon
Les tampons sont cruciaux dans les systèmes biologiques pour maintenir le pH nécessaire à l'activité enzymatique.
a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, commonly called aqueous ammonia
ammoniaque,solution d'ammoniac
L'ammoniaque aqueuse est moins piquante que l'ammoniac gazeux.
to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution
se dissoudre
