Batayang Agham - Kemistri
Pag-aralan ang mga terminong may kaugnayan sa komposisyong kemikal, mga compound, solusyon, asido, base, katangian ng materyal, at mga proseso sa laboratoryo.
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Pagsusulit
(chemistry) a substance used in or produced by a reaction that changes atoms or molecules
kemikal
the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined
komposisyon, pagkakabuo
a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions
kompuwesto
derived from, produced by, or relating to living organisms
organiko, biyolohikal
describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter
inorganiko
Ang sodium chloride (asin sa mesa) ay isang inorganic compound na malawakang ginagamit sa pagluluto at pagpreserba ng pagkain.
a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance
solvent, pantunaw
Ang chloroform ay gumaganap bilang isang epektibong solvent para sa mga lipid, taba, at wax dahil sa hindi polar na katangian nito.
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
solute, natunaw na sangkap
Sa tubig-alat, ang asin (NaCl) ang solute na natutunaw sa tubig, ang solvent.
(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid
natutunaw
Ang glycerol ay miscible at soluble sa maraming polar solvents ngunit hindi matutunaw sa non-polar na likido tulad ng mga langis.
unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid
hindi matutunaw, hindi nalulusaw
Ang asukal ay nanatiling hindi matutunaw sa malamig na tubig.
a mixture of different liquids
solusyon, halo
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
isotope, anyo ng isotope
Ang carbon-12 at carbon-14 ay mga isotope ng carbon, na ang una ay may 6 neutrons at ang huli ay may 8 neutrons.
a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant
alyas
Ang alloy ay isang pinaghalong dalawa o higit pang mga metal o isang metal at isa pang elemento.
a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis
alkohol, etanol
(chemistry) a dark liquid from underground, made of hydrocarbons, used to make fuel and plastic
petrolyo
(chemistry) a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or a metal-like group
asin
a hard alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin
bronse
a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.
bakal, matigas na metal
(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors
grafit, tingga
a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.
metal
made of or resembling metal
metaliko, kahawig ng metal
Ang metalikong balat ng sasakyang pangkalawakan ay nagprotekta dito mula sa mahihirap na kondisyon ng kalawakan.
(chemistry) a salt or ester of sulfurous acid used as a preservative in foods and wines
sulfite
a numerical measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on hydrogen-ion activity
pH, antas ng pH
any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water
alkali, base
Ang sodium hydroxide ay isang malakas na alkali na karaniwang ginagamit sa paggawa ng sabon.
(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
base
a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7
asido, sustansyang asido
the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7
kaasiman, antas ng kaasiman
Ang kaasiman ng lupa ay masyadong mataas para sa mga halaman upang lumago nang maayos.
(chemistry) able to act as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions
amphoteric, amphoteric
the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
pagkakalawang
Ang mga tubo sa lumang bahay ay lubhang nasira ng kalawang, na nagresulta sa mga tagas sa buong sistema ng tubo.
to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it
destilahan, linisin sa pamamagitan ng destilasyon
Ang chemist ay kasalukuyang nagdi-distill ng solusyon para ihiwalay ang purong compound.
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
mol, dami ng sustansya
(chemistry) to become separated from the solvent in a solid form
mag-ulan
Ang eksperimento ay nagsasangkot ng paghahalo ng dalawang solusyon upang obserbahan kung ang isang solid ay mag-precipitate mula sa reaksyon.
having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability
pabagu-bago, hindi matatag
Ang panahon sa rehiyon ay maaaring maging lubhang pabagu-bago sa buong taon.
a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added
buffer, solusyon ng buffer
Ang buffer na solusyon sa lab ay nagpanatili ng pH na matatag kahit pagkatapos ng pagdaragdag ng malakas na asido.
a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, commonly called aqueous ammonia
ammonyang pangtubig,solusyon ng amonya
Inilapat ng magsasaka ang ammonia sa lupa upang magbigay ng nitrogen.
to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution
matunaw, tunawin
