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Științe Fundamentale - Chimie

Studiați termeni legați de compoziția chimică, compuși, soluții, acizi, baze, proprietățile materialelor și procese de laborator.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
chemical
chemical
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a substance used in or produced by a reaction that changes atoms or molecules

substanță chimică

substanță chimică

Ex: Water is a chemical made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. 
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composition
composition
[substantiv]

the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined

Ex: Scientists analyzed the chemical composition of the water. 
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compound
compound
[substantiv]

a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions

compus

compus

Ex: Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. 
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organic
organic
[adjectiv]

derived from, produced by, or relating to living organisms

organic,  biologic

organic, biologic

Ex: Dead leaves add organic matter to the soil. 
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inorganic
inorganic
[adjectiv]

describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter

anorganic

anorganic

Ex: Sodium chloride (table salt) is an inorganic compound widely used in cooking and food preservation. 

Clorura de sodiu (sare de masă) este un compus anorganic utilizat pe scară largă în gătit și conservarea alimentelor.

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solvent
solvent
[substantiv]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvent, dizolvant

solvent, dizolvant

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids, fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature. 

Cloroformul acționează ca un solvent eficient pentru lipide, grăsimi și ceară datorită naturii sale nepolare.

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solute
solute
[substantiv]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

substanță dizolvată, solut

substanță dizolvată, solut

Ex: In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent. 

În apa sărată, sarea (NaCl) este solutul care se dizolvă în apă, solventul.

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soluble
soluble
[adjectiv]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

solubil

solubil

Ex: Glycerol is miscible and soluble in many polar solvents but will not dissolve in non-polar liquids like oils. 

Glicerolul este miscibil și solubil în mulți solvenți polari dar nu se va dizolva în lichide nepolare cum sunt uleiurile.

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insoluble
insoluble
[adjectiv]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

insolubil, indisolubil

insolubil, indisolubil

Ex: The sugar remained insoluble in the cold water. 

Zahărul a rămas insolubil în apa rece.

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solution
solution
[substantiv]

a mixture of different liquids

soluție, amestec

soluție, amestec

Ex: Many cleaning products are solutions that mix different liquids for better effectiveness. 
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isotope
isotope
[substantiv]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

izotop, formă izotopică

izotop, formă izotopică

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons. 

Carbonul-12 și carbonul-14 sunt izotopi ai carbonului, primul având 6 neutroni și ultimul 8 neutroni.

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alloy
alloy
[substantiv]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

aliaj

aliaj

Ex: An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element. 

Un aliaj este un amestec de două sau mai multe metale sau dintr-un metal și alt element.

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alcohol
alcohol
[substantiv]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alcool, etanol

alcool, etanol

Ex: Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is used in various industrial processes and as a fuel. 
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petroleum
petroleum
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a dark liquid from underground, made of hydrocarbons, used to make fuel and plastic

petrol

petrol

Ex: Petroleum is refined into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. 
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salt
salt
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or a metal-like group

sare

sare

Ex: The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces a salt and water. 
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bronze
bronze
[substantiv]

a hard alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin

bronz

bronz

Ex: The statue was cast in bronze more than a century ago. 
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steel
steel
[substantiv]

a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.

oțel, metal dur

oțel, metal dur

Ex: The ship was built with steel to withstand the harsh conditions at sea. 
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graphite
graphite
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

grafit,  cărbune

grafit, cărbune

Ex: Graphite is often mixed with clay to make pencil leads. 
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metal
metal
[substantiv]

a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.

metal

metal

Ex: Copper is a highly conductive metal often used in electrical wiring. 
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metallic
metallic
[adjectiv]

made of or resembling metal

metalic, metalizat

metalic, metalizat

Ex: The industrial building had a metallic frame, giving it a modern appearance. 

Clădirea industrială avea un cadru metalic, oferindu-i un aspect modern.

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sulfite
sulfite
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a salt or ester of sulfurous acid used as a preservative in foods and wines

sulfit

sulfit

Ex: Sulfite is commonly added to dried fruit to prevent discoloration. 
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pH
pH
[substantiv]

a numerical measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on hydrogen-ion activity

pH,  potențial de hidrogen

pH, potențial de hidrogen

Ex: The technician measured the pH of the water before adding any chemicals. 
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alkali
alkali
[substantiv]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alcaliu, bază

alcaliu, bază

Ex: Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making. 

Hidroxidul de sodiu este un alcali puternic folosit în mod obișnuit în fabricarea săpunului.

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base
base
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

bază

bază

Ex: Ammonia acts as a base by accepting protons in chemical reactions. 
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acid
acid
[substantiv]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

acid, substanță acidă

acid, substanță acidă

Ex: Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid found in stomach fluid that aids in digestion. 
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acidity
acidity
[substantiv]

the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7

aciditate, nivelul de aciditate

aciditate, nivelul de aciditate

Ex: The soil's acidity was too high for the plants to grow well. 

Aciditatea solului era prea mare pentru ca plantele să crească bine.

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amphoteric
amphoteric
[adjectiv]

(chemistry) able to act as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions

amfoter, amfoteră

amfoter, amfoteră

Ex: Water is amphoteric because it can donate or accept protons in reactions. 
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corrosion
corrosion
[substantiv]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

coroziune

coroziune

Ex: The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system. 

Țevile din casa veche erau puternic deteriorate de coroziune, rezultând scurgeri în întregul sistem de canalizare.

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to distill

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

distila, purifica prin distilare

distila, purifica prin distilare

Ex: The chemist is currently distilling the solution to isolate the pure compound. 

Chimistul distilează în prezent soluția pentru a izola compusul pur.

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mole
mole
[substantiv]

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mol, cantitate de substanță

mol, cantitate de substanță

Ex: Chemists often measure chemicals in moles to easily count particles involved in reactions. 
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to precipitate

(chemistry) to become separated from the solvent in a solid form

a precipita

a precipita

Ex: As the temperature dropped, the dissolved minerals in the water started to precipitate, forming deposits on the surface of the pipes. 

Pe măsură ce temperatura scădea, mineralele dizolvate în apă au început să precipiteze, formând depozite pe suprafața conductelor.

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volatile
volatile
[adjectiv]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

volatil, instabil

volatil, instabil

Ex: The weather in the region can be highly volatile throughout the year. 

Vremea din regiune poate fi foarte volatilă pe tot parcursul anului.

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buffer
buffer
[substantiv]

a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

tampon, soluție tampon

tampon, soluție tampon

Ex: The buffer solution in the lab kept the pH steady even after the addition of a strong acid. 

Soluția tampon din laborator a menținut pH-ul stabil chiar și după adăugarea unui acid puternic.

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ammonia
ammonia
[substantiv]

a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, commonly called aqueous ammonia

amoniac apos,soluție de amoniac

amoniac apos,soluție de amoniac

Ex: The farmer applied ammonia to the soil to provide nitrogen. 

Fermierul a aplicat amoniac în sol pentru a furniza azot.

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to dissolve

to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution

se dizolva,  a se dizolva

se dizolva, a se dizolva

Ex: Sugar dissolves quickly in hot coffee. 
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