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Scienze di Base - Chimica

Studia i termini relativi alla composizione chimica, composti, soluzioni, acidi, basi, proprietà dei materiali e processi di laboratorio.

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Words Related to Basic Sciences
chemical
chemical
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a substance used in or produced by a reaction that changes atoms or molecules

chimico

chimico

Ex: Cleaning products often contain strong chemicals that can irritate the skin. 
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composition
composition
[sostantivo]

the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined

composizione

composizione

Ex: The exact composition of the mixture is kept secret. 
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compound
compound
[sostantivo]

a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions

composto

composto

Ex: Each compound has a characteristic chemical composition. 
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organic
organic
[aggettivo]

derived from, produced by, or relating to living organisms

organico

organico

Ex: Organic waste can be broken down naturally by microorganisms. 
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inorganic
inorganic
[aggettivo]

describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter

inorganico

inorganico

Ex: Inorganic chemistry focuses on the study of compounds and elements that do not involve carbon-hydrogen bonds. 

La chimica inorganica si concentra sullo studio di composti ed elementi che non coinvolgono legami carbonio-idrogeno.

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solvent
solvent
[sostantivo]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvente

solvente

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids, fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature. 

Il cloroformo agisce come un solvente efficace per lipidi, grassi e cere grazie alla sua natura non polare.

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solute
solute
[sostantivo]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

soluto, sostanza disciolta

soluto, sostanza disciolta

Ex: Dissolving a pain reliever (e.g., aspirin) in water results in the drug acting as the solute in the liquid solvent. 

Sciogliere un antidolorifico (ad esempio, l'aspirina) in acqua fa sì che il farmaco agisca come il soluto nel solvente liquido.

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soluble
soluble
[aggettivo]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

solubile

solubile

Ex: Glycerol is miscible and soluble in many polar solvents but will not dissolve in non-polar liquids like oils. 

Il glicerolo è miscibile e solubile in molti solventi polari ma non si dissolverà in liquidi non polari come gli oli.

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insoluble
insoluble
[aggettivo]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

insolubile, indissolubile

insolubile, indissolubile

Ex: Insoluble particles floated in the undissolved solution. 

Particelle insolubili galleggiavano nella soluzione non disciolta.

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solution
solution
[sostantivo]

a mixture of different liquids

soluzione

soluzione

Ex: She poured the solution into a glass container. 
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isotope
isotope
[sostantivo]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotopo, forma isotopica

isotopo, forma isotopica

Ex: Isotopes play a crucial role in understanding nuclear reactions, radiometric dating, and various applications in science and technology. 

Gli isotopi svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella comprensione delle reazioni nucleari, nella datazione radiometrica e in varie applicazioni in scienza e tecnologia.

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alloy
alloy
[sostantivo]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

lega

lega

Ex: Aluminum alloys are lightweight and strong, making them suitable for aerospace applications and automotive parts. 

Le leghe di alluminio sono leggere e resistenti, rendendole adatte per applicazioni aerospaziali e parti automobilistiche.

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alcohol
alcohol
[sostantivo]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alcol, etanolo

alcol, etanolo

Ex: Benzyl alcohol is used in the production of fragrances, flavorings, and as a solvent in various applications. 
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petroleum
petroleum
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a dark liquid from underground, made of hydrocarbons, used to make fuel and plastic

petrolio

petrolio

Ex: Many everyday products, from plastics to cosmetics, are made from petroleum. 
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salt
salt
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or a metal-like group

sale

sale

Ex: Fertilizers often contain salts that provide essential nutrients to plants. 
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bronze
bronze
[sostantivo]

a hard alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin

bronzo

bronzo

Ex: The museum displayed several objects made from polished bronze. 
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steel
steel
[sostantivo]

a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.

acciaio, metallo duro

acciaio, metallo duro

Ex: The ship was built with steel to withstand the harsh conditions at sea. 
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graphite
graphite
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

grafite

grafite

Ex: The factory mines graphite for use in batteries and industrial lubricants. 
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metal
metal
[sostantivo]

a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.

metallo

metallo

Ex: Mercury is a unique metal that is liquid at room temperature, commonly used in thermometers and barometers. 
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metallic
metallic
[aggettivo]

made of or resembling metal

metallico, metallizzato

metallico, metallizzato

Ex: The spacecraft's metallic hull protected it from the harsh conditions of outer space. 

Lo scafo metallico del veicolo spaziale lo ha protetto dalle dure condizioni dello spazio esterno.

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sulfite
sulfite
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a salt or ester of sulfurous acid used as a preservative in foods and wines

solfito

solfito

Ex: Sulfite occurs naturally in certain fermented beverages like beer and wine. 
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pH
pH
[sostantivo]

a numerical measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on hydrogen-ion activity

pH,  potenziale idrogenionico

pH, potenziale idrogenionico

Ex: The laboratory records the pH of each sample before analysis. 
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alkali
alkali
[sostantivo]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali

alkali

Ex: Mixing an alkali with vinegar produces a salt and water. 

Mescolare un alcali con aceto produce un sale e acqua.

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base
base
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

base

base

Ex: Baking soda (NaHCO₃) is a mild base often used in cooking. 
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acid
acid
[sostantivo]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

acido

acido

Ex: When dissolved in water, carbonic acid forms from carbon dioxide, contributing to the acidity of rainwater. 
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acidity
acidity
[sostantivo]

the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7

acidità, livello di acidità

acidità, livello di acidità

Ex: The acidity of the lake water is harmful to fish and plants. 

L'acidità dell'acqua del lago è dannosa per i pesci e le piante.

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amphoteric
amphoteric
[aggettivo]

(chemistry) able to act as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions

anfotero, anfoterico

anfotero, anfoterico

Ex: Amino acids are amphoteric because they contain both acid and base groups. 
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corrosion
corrosion
[sostantivo]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosione

corrosione

Ex: Exposure to moisture accelerates metal corrosion. 

L'esposizione all'umidità accelera la corrosione dei metalli.

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to distill
to distill
[Verbo]

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

distillare

distillare

Ex: The plan is to distill rainwater for a clean water source. 

Il piano è quello di distillare l'acqua piovana per una fonte di acqua pulita.

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mole
mole
[sostantivo]

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mole, quantità di sostanza

mole, quantità di sostanza

Ex: A mole of sodium chloride (table salt) weighs approximately 58.44 grams. 
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to precipitate

(chemistry) to become separated from the solvent in a solid form

precipitato

precipitato

Ex: Upon cooling the saturated sugar solution, crystals began to precipitate at the bottom of the container. 

Raffreddando la soluzione satura di zucchero, i cristalli iniziarono a precipitare sul fondo del contenitore.

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volatile
volatile
[aggettivo]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

volatile, instabile

volatile, instabile

Ex: The experiment showed that the substance had a volatile behavior under heat. 

L'esperimento ha dimostrato che la sostanza aveva un comportamento volatile sotto calore.

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buffer
buffer
[sostantivo]

a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

tampone, soluzione tampone

tampone, soluzione tampone

Ex: Buffers play a significant role in biochemical research by providing a controlled environment for reactions. 

I tamponi svolgono un ruolo significativo nella ricerca biochimica fornendo un ambiente controllato per le reazioni.

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ammonia
ammonia
[sostantivo]

a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, commonly called aqueous ammonia

ammoniaca acquosa,soluzione di ammoniaca

ammoniaca acquosa,soluzione di ammoniaca

Ex: Strong ammonia solution can cause skin irritation if spilled. 

La soluzione forte di ammoniaca può causare irritazione cutanea se versata.

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to dissolve

to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution

dissolvere

dissolvere

Ex: Keep stirring until all the crystals dissolve. 
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