علوم پایه - شیمی

(chemistry) a substance used in or produced by a reaction that changes atoms or molecules

the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined

a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions

derived from, produced by, or relating to living organisms

describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

a mixture of different liquids

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

(chemistry) a dark liquid from underground, made of hydrocarbons, used to make fuel and plastic

(chemistry) a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or a metal-like group

a hard alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin

a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.

(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.

made of or resembling metal

(chemistry) a salt or ester of sulfurous acid used as a preservative in foods and wines

a numerical measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on hydrogen-ion activity

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7

(chemistry) able to act as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

(chemistry) to become separated from the solvent in a solid form

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, commonly called aqueous ammonia

to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution