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Linguistique - Théories et Approches Linguistiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux théories et approches linguistiques telles que la « théorie thêta », le « modèle d'onde » et le « constructionnisme ».

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Words Related to Linguistics
generative grammar

(linguistics) a linguistic theory that believes in an innate set of rules which can be used to produce an infinite number of possible sentences in a language

grammaire générative

grammaire générative

[nom]
realizational morphology

the branch of linguistics that studies how words are created and how their structure reflects their meaning by focusing on morphemes

morphologie réalisationnelle, morphologie de réalisation

morphologie réalisationnelle, morphologie de réalisation

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[nom]
distributed morphology

a theoretical framework within linguistics that focuses on the way morphological processes and structures are distributed across different levels of linguistic representation

morphologie distribuée, morphologie répartie

morphologie distribuée, morphologie répartie

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[nom]
transformational grammar

a linguistic theory that aims to explain the rules behind the transformation of sentences from one form to another, such as from active to passive voice

grammaire transformationnelle, grammaire de transformation

grammaire transformationnelle, grammaire de transformation

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[nom]
meaning-text theory

a linguistic framework that seeks to describe and explain the relationship between meaning and syntax in language

théorie du sens-texte, théorie du rapport entre le sens et la syntaxe

théorie du sens-texte, théorie du rapport entre le sens et la syntaxe

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[nom]
Word Grammar

a linguistic framework that emphasizes the central role of words in language structure and meaning

grammaire du mot, grammaire lexicale

grammaire du mot, grammaire lexicale

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[nom]
X-bar theory

a linguistic framework that provides a model for analyzing and representing the hierarchical structure of phrases in syntax

théorie de la barre X, théorie X-bar

théorie de la barre X, théorie X-bar

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[nom]
operator grammar

a linguistic framework that focuses on the relationship between operators and their scope in the analysis of sentence structure and meaning

grammaire des opérateurs, grammaire opératoire

grammaire des opérateurs, grammaire opératoire

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[nom]
arc pair grammar

a linguistic framework that aims to provide a formal and computationally tractable account of sentence structure and parsing

grammaire des paires d'arcs, grammaire en paires d'arcs

grammaire des paires d'arcs, grammaire en paires d'arcs

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[nom]
bow-wow theory

a speculative hypothesis about the origin of language, suggesting that language developed as a result of humans imitating the sounds of natural phenomena and the vocalizations of animals

théorie du bow-wow, théorie de l'onomatopée

théorie du bow-wow, théorie de l'onomatopée

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[nom]
functional linguistics

a linguistic framework that analyzes language based on the functions it serves in communication, focusing on the relationship between language and its social, cultural, and cognitive context to understand how language is used to express meaning and achieve communicative goals

linguistique fonctionnelle, linguistique à fonction

linguistique fonctionnelle, linguistique à fonction

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[nom]
optimality theory

a linguistic framework that posits that language structures and patterns are governed by a set of universal constraints, which compete with each other to determine the optimal output

théorie de l'optimalité, théorie optimale

théorie de l'optimalité, théorie optimale

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[nom]
construction grammar

a linguistic framework that focuses on the role of grammatical constructions, or form-meaning pairings, in language structure and usage

grammaire de construction, grammaire constructionnelle

grammaire de construction, grammaire constructionnelle

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[nom]
structuralism

a theoretical approach in linguistics that emphasizes the analysis of language structure as a system of interrelated elements, focusing on the underlying rules and patterns that govern language organization rather than individual linguistic units

structuralisme

structuralisme

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[nom]
relevance theory

a framework within pragmatics that focuses on the process of communication and the role of relevance in comprehension

théorie de la pertinence, théorie du rapport

théorie de la pertinence, théorie du rapport

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autosegmental phonology

a linguistic framework that analyzes the phonological structure of languages by representing different phonological features and processes as separate and independent tiers, or autosegments, which interact with one another

phonologie autosegmentale, phonologie à segments autonomes

phonologie autosegmentale, phonologie à segments autonomes

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[nom]
dynamic syntax

a linguistic framework that models language understanding as a dynamic and incremental process, where the interpretation of an utterance is built incrementally based on the combination of words and their interaction with the context

syntaxe dynamique, syntaxique dynamique

syntaxe dynamique, syntaxique dynamique

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[nom]
constructionism

a theoretical perspective that posits that knowledge and understanding are actively constructed by individuals through their interactions with the world

constructionnisme

constructionnisme

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[nom]
frame semantics

a linguistic framework that analyzes meaning in terms of conceptual frames or mental structures, which organize our knowledge and understanding of the world

sémantique des cadres, sémantique de cadre

sémantique des cadres, sémantique de cadre

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[nom]
dependency grammar

a linguistic framework that analyzes sentence structure by representing the relationships and dependencies between words using directed links, focusing on the hierarchical organization of these dependencies and the role of syntactic heads

grammaire de dépendance, grammaire dépendante

grammaire de dépendance, grammaire dépendante

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[nom]
innateness hypothesis

a prominent theory in the field of language acquisition, which argues that humans possess a genetically predetermined capacity for acquiring and developing language

hypothèse d'innéité, théorie de l'innéité

hypothèse d'innéité, théorie de l'innéité

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constituent analysis

a linguistic method used to identify and analyze the grammatical constituents or structural units within a sentence, revealing the hierarchical relationships between words and phrases to understand the underlying syntactic structure

analyse des constituants, analyse constituante

analyse des constituants, analyse constituante

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linguistic prescription

the practice of prescribing or dictating specific rules, norms, and standards for language usage, often through formal grammars and style guides, with the aim of maintaining or promoting a particular variant or prestige form of a language

prescription linguistique, norme linguistique

prescription linguistique, norme linguistique

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[nom]
evolutionary linguistics

an interdisciplinary approach that explores the evolutionary origins, development, and adaptive functions of language within human populations, integrating principles from linguistics, biology, anthropology, and cognitive science

linguistique évolutionnaire, linguistique évolutive

linguistique évolutionnaire, linguistique évolutive

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[nom]
Skopos theory

an approach in translation studies that emphasizes the importance of the intended purpose or function (skopos) of a translation in guiding translation decisions, focusing on the target context and communicative goals

théorie du skopos, approche skopos

théorie du skopos, approche skopos

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[nom]
dialectometry

a quantitative approach in linguistics that uses statistical methods and computational tools to analyze and measure linguistic variation and similarities across dialects or language varieties

dialectométrie

dialectométrie

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conceptual semantics

an approach in linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning by examining the cognitive concepts and categories underlying language, emphasizing the role of mental representations and cognitive processes in shaping linguistic meaning and understanding

sémantique conceptuelle, sémantique cognitive

sémantique conceptuelle, sémantique cognitive

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[nom]
conversation analysis

a sociolinguistic research approach that analyzes naturally occurring conversations to uncover the underlying organizational patterns and interactive processes through which meaning is collaboratively constructed

analyse de la conversation, étude de la conversation

analyse de la conversation, étude de la conversation

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[nom]
prototype theory

a cognitive framework that suggests that our understanding of categories is based on prototypes or typical examples that embody the core features of a category, and that category membership is determined by the degree of resemblance to these prototypes

théorie du prototype, théorie des prototypes

théorie du prototype, théorie des prototypes

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theta theory

a linguistic framework that seeks to explain the assignment of thematic roles to arguments in a sentence based on their relation to the verb and the syntactic structure of the sentence

théorie theta, théorie des rôles thématiques

théorie theta, théorie des rôles thématiques

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[nom]
politeness theory

a framework in pragmatics that analyzes how individuals employ language strategies to manage social interactions and maintain positive face, while minimizing potential threats to face

théorie de la politesse, théorie de la courtoisie

théorie de la politesse, théorie de la courtoisie

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[nom]
wave model

a sociolinguistic model that describes language changes and shifts over time as occurring in waves or successive stages, typically associated with the movement and interaction of different speech communities

modèle de vague, modèle des vagues

modèle de vague, modèle des vagues

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Sapir–Whorf hypothesis

the linguistic and anthropological proposition that suggests the structure of language shapes and influences our perception, thought processes, and cultural worldview

hypothèse de Sapir-Whorf, théorie de Sapir-Whorf

hypothèse de Sapir-Whorf, théorie de Sapir-Whorf

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[nom]
contrastive analysis

a linguistic approach that compares and contrasts two or more languages or language varieties to identify similarities and differences in their structures, vocabulary, pronunciation, and other linguistic aspects

analyse contrastive, analyse comparative

analyse contrastive, analyse comparative

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[nom]
lexical functional grammar

a linguistic framework that focuses on the interplay between lexical and syntactic structures in natural language

grammaire fonctionnelle lexicale, grammaire lexicale fonctionnelle

grammaire fonctionnelle lexicale, grammaire lexicale fonctionnelle

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[nom]
combinatory categorial grammar

a linguistic framework within formal syntax that combines categorial grammar with combinatory logic to model the syntactic structure and compositionality of natural language sentences

grammaire catégorielle combinatoire, grammaire combinatoire catégorielle

grammaire catégorielle combinatoire, grammaire combinatoire catégorielle

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[nom]
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