pattern

Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademicki - Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 1 (2)

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
numerous
numerous
[przymiotnik]

indicating a large number of something

liczne, wiele

liczne, wiele

Ex: The library has numerous books on various subjects. 
artifact
artifact
[Rzeczownik]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, wytwór człowieka

artefakt, wytwór człowieka

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
fragment
fragment
[Rzeczownik]

a small piece or part that has broken off from a larger whole, often referring to objects or materials

fragment, odłamek

fragment, odłamek

Ex: The archaeologist carefully examined each fragment of pottery found at the excavation site. 
ax
ax
[Rzeczownik]

a tool with a long wooden handle attached to a heavy steel or iron blade, primarily used for chopping wood and cutting down trees

siekiera, topór

siekiera, topór

Ex: He used an ax to chop firewood for the winter. 
to date
to date
[Czasownik]

to determine or figure out when something happened or was created

datować, ustalić datę

datować, ustalić datę

Ex: The archaeologists used carbon dating to date the ancient artifacts. 
clamshell
clamshell
[Rzeczownik]

the bivalve shell of a clam, characterized by two symmetrical halves that hinge together

muszla małża, skorupa małża

muszla małża, skorupa małża

Ex: The clamshell protects the soft body of the clam from predators and environmental factors. 
roughly
roughly
[przysłówek]

without being exact

mniej więcej, około

mniej więcej, około

Ex: The project will take roughly two months to complete. 
previously
previously
[przysłówek]

before the present moment or a specific time

wcześniej, poprzednio

wcześniej, poprzednio

Ex: She had previously worked for a different company before joining the current one. 
elsewhere
elsewhere
[przysłówek]

at, in, or to another place

gdzie indziej, w innym miejscu

gdzie indziej, w innym miejscu

Ex: The store was out of stock, so I had to look elsewhere for the product. 
nearby
nearby
[przymiotnik]

located close to a particular place or within a short distance

pobliskie, w pobliżu

pobliskie, w pobliżu

Ex: There are several nearby restaurants where we can grab dinner. 
as
as
[przysłówek]

to the same extent or degree, used in comparisons to show equality or intensity

tak

tak

Ex: She can run as quickly as her brother. 
highly
highly
[przysłówek]

in a favorable or approving manner

wysoko, niezwykle

wysoko, niezwykle

Ex: He was highly regarded by his peers for his honesty and leadership. 
construction
construction
[Rzeczownik]

the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought

konstrukcja, tworzenie

konstrukcja, tworzenie

canoe
canoe
[Rzeczownik]

a narrow boat that is light and has pointed ends, which can be moved using paddles

kanu, kajak

kanu, kajak

Ex: They paddled their canoe along the tranquil river, enjoying the peaceful surroundings. 
thus
thus
[przysłówek]

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

zatem, dlatego

zatem, dlatego

Ex: She saved consistently each month; thus, she was able to afford the vacation she had always dreamed of. 
to maintain
to maintain
[Czasownik]

to make something stay in the same state or condition

utrzymywać, zachowywać

utrzymywać, zachowywać

Ex: The janitor regularly maintains cleanliness in the office by cleaning and organizing. 
connection
connection
[Rzeczownik]

a means of transportation that is used by a passenger after getting off a previous one to continue their journey

połączenie,  przesiadka

połączenie, przesiadka

neighboring
neighboring
[przymiotnik]

(of a place) close to another

sąsiedni, przyległy

sąsiedni, przyległy

Ex: The neighboring countries of Canada and the United States share the longest undefended border in the world. 
layer
layer
[Rzeczownik]

a level or tier within a complex system, idea, or structure, often imagined as having depth or hierarchy

warstwa, poziom

warstwa, poziom

Ex: The novel's plot unfolds in layers, revealing hidden meanings. 
record
record
[Rzeczownik]

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

zapis, archiwum

zapis, archiwum

Ex: The diary served as a personal record of her daily life and thoughts. 
to date back
to date back
[Czasownik]

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

sięgać czasów, pochodzić z

sięgać czasów, pochodzić z

Ex: The ancient ruins in the valley date back to the time of the Roman Empire. 
impenetrable
impenetrable
[przymiotnik]

not capable of being entered, pierced, or passed through

nieprzenikniony, niepokonany

nieprzenikniony, niepokonany

Ex: The thick fog made the forest impenetrable, obscuring visibility. 
encompassing
encompassing
[przymiotnik]

including or covering a wide range or scope

obejmujący, wszechstronny

obejmujący, wszechstronny

Ex: The university's curriculum was designed to offer an encompassing education, covering various disciplines to provide students with a well-rounded knowledge base. 
recent
recent
[przymiotnik]

having happened, started, or been done only a short time ago

niedawny, nowy

niedawny, nowy

Ex: He is worried about his recent health problems. 
ice age
ice age
[Rzeczownik]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

epoka lodowcowa, era lodowcowa

epoka lodowcowa, era lodowcowa

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
significantly
significantly
[przysłówek]

in a way that carries particular importance or meaning, often in relation to the context

znacząco, w znaczący sposób

znacząco, w znaczący sposób

Ex: Significantly, she left out the most important detail in her account. 
no doubt
no doubt
[przysłówek]

used to say that something is likely to happen or is true

bez wątpienia, niewątpliwie

bez wątpienia, niewątpliwie

Ex: The quality of her work was excellent, there's no doubt about it. 
thick
thick
[przymiotnik]

(of plants) existing and growing densely close together with little space in between, creating a lush and impenetrable area

gęsty, zwarty

gęsty, zwarty

Ex: The explorers got lost in the thick forest, unable to find their way out. 
according to
according to
[Przyimek]

in regard to what someone has said or written

według, zgodnie z

według, zgodnie z

Ex: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 
coincidence
coincidence
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which two things happen simultaneously by chance that is considered unusual

zbieg okoliczności

zbieg okoliczności

Ex: It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same outfit to the party. 
to craft
to craft
[Czasownik]

to skillfully make something, particularly with the hands

wytwarzać, wykonywać

wytwarzać, wykonywać

Ex: She crafts handmade jewelry, carefully assembling each piece with precision. 
rather than
rather than
[Przyimek]

used to indicate a preference between two alternatives, often suggesting one option is chosen over the other

zamiast

zamiast

Ex: I prefer tea rather than coffee in the mornings. 
seashell
seashell
[Rzeczownik]

the hard empty outer body of an oyster, clam, etc., often found on a shore

muszla morska, skorupa morska

muszla morska, skorupa morska

in response to
in response to
[Przyimek]

as a reaction or answer to something

w odpowiedzi na, jako reakcja na

w odpowiedzi na, jako reakcja na

Ex: In response to customer feedback, the company is launching a new and improved product. 
heavy-duty
heavy-duty
[przymiotnik]

exceptionally strong and durable

wytrzymały, solidny

wytrzymały, solidny

Ex: The heavy-duty machinery was capable of handling the most challenging construction tasks without malfunctioning. 
modification
modification
[Rzeczownik]

the act of making small changes in something, usually for an enhancement

modyfikacja, zmiana

modyfikacja, zmiana

Ex: The modification of the car’s engine increased its performance. 
increasingly
increasingly
[przysłówek]

in a manner that is gradually growing in degree, extent, or frequency over time

coraz bardziej

coraz bardziej

Ex: The company is increasingly investing in sustainable practices. 
while
while
[Spójnik]

despite the fact that; even though

chociaż, mimo że

chociaż, mimo że

Ex: While she had reservations about the plan, she decided to go along with it. 
shell
shell
[Rzeczownik]

the hard protective case or covering of some animals such as a snail, mussel, crab, or turtle

skorupa, muszla

skorupa, muszla

edge
edge
[Rzeczownik]

a sharp side formed by the intersection of two surfaces of an object

krawędź, ostrze

krawędź, ostrze

to unearth
to unearth
[Czasownik]

to dig the ground and discover something

odkopywać, wydobywać

odkopywać, wydobywać

Ex: Archaeologists unearthed ancient pottery during the excavation. 
mainly
mainly
[przysłówek]

more than any other thing

głównie, przede wszystkim

głównie, przede wszystkim

Ex: The event was mainly attended by professionals from the tech industry. 
possum
possum
[Rzeczownik]

a small to medium-sized marsupial mammal known for its prehensile tail, nocturnal behavior, and ability to play dead as a defense mechanism

opos, dydelf

opos, dydelf

creature
creature
[Rzeczownik]

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

stworzenie, istota żywa

stworzenie, istota żywa

Ex: The forest was teeming with creatures of all shapes and sizes, from tiny insects to large mammals. 
patch
patch
[Rzeczownik]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

działka, poletko

działka, poletko

to clear
to clear
[Czasownik]

to create a path or open space by removing obstacles or objects in the way

oczyścić, przetrzeć

oczyścić, przetrzeć

Ex: They cleared a path through the forest to make it easier for hikers to pass. 
to grind
to grind
[Czasownik]

to wear down or shape something through repetitive friction or abrasion

szlifować, ostrzyć

szlifować, ostrzyć

Ex: The metalworker meticulously ground the metal rod to achieve a smooth and precise finish. 
Rothschild's cuscus

a rare, tree-living animal with thick fur and a long tail, found only in a small part of Indonesia, known for moving slowly and living alone in the forest

kuskus Rothschilda, pałankowiec Rothschilda

kuskus Rothschilda, pałankowiec Rothschilda

Ex: The Rothschild's cuscus lives in Indonesian forests. 
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