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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademiko - Test 3 - Pagbasa - Talata 1 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 3 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
numerous
numerous
[pang-uri]

indicating a large number of something

marami, napakarami

marami, napakarami

Ex: The library has numerous books on various subjects. 

Ang aklatan ay may maraming libro sa iba't ibang paksa.

artifact
artifact
[Pangngalan]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 

Ang mga artipakto ng maagang paggawa ng kasangkapan tulad ng mga kutsilyong bato at mga punto ng projectile ay nagpapakita ng katalinuhan at kakayahan ng mga tao noong Panahon ng Paleolitiko.

fragment
fragment
[Pangngalan]

a small piece that has broken off or become separated from a larger whole

piraso,  tipak

piraso, tipak

Ex: Fragments of glass were scattered across the floor. 
ax
ax
[Pangngalan]

a tool with a long wooden handle attached to a heavy steel or iron blade, primarily used for chopping wood and cutting down trees

palakol, pala

palakol, pala

Ex: He used an ax to chop firewood for the winter. 

Gumamit siya ng palakol para magputol ng kahoy para sa taglamig.

to date
to date
[Pandiwa]

to determine or figure out when something happened or was created

petsahan, tukuyin ang petsa ng

petsahan, tukuyin ang petsa ng

Ex: The team managed to date the volcanic eruption based on geological evidence. 
clamshell
clamshell
[Pangngalan]

the bivalve shell of a clam, characterized by two symmetrical halves that hinge together

kabibe ng kabibe, talukab ng kabibe

kabibe ng kabibe, talukab ng kabibe

Ex: The clamshell protects the soft body of the clam from predators and environmental factors. 

Ang clamshell ay nagpoprotekta sa malambot na katawan ng kabibe mula sa mga mandaragit at mga salik sa kapaligiran.

roughly
roughly
[pang-abay]

without being exact

humigit-kumulang, mga

humigit-kumulang, mga

Ex: The project will take roughly two months to complete. 

Ang proyekto ay tatagal ng humigit-kumulang dalawang buwan upang makumpleto.

previously
previously
[pang-abay]

before the present moment or a specific time

dati, noong una

dati, noong una

Ex: She had previously worked for a different company before joining the current one. 

Siya ay dati nang nagtrabaho para sa isang ibang kumpanya bago sumali sa kasalukuyan.

elsewhere
elsewhere
[pang-abay]

at, in, or to another place

sa ibang lugar, kung saan pa

sa ibang lugar, kung saan pa

Ex: The store was out of stock, so I had to look elsewhere for the product. 

Naubusan ng stock ang tindahan, kaya kailangan kong hanapin ang produkto sa ibang lugar.

nearby
nearby
[pang-uri]

located close to a particular place or within a short distance

malapit, kalapit

malapit, kalapit

Ex: There are several nearby restaurants where we can grab dinner. 

Mayroong ilang malapit na restawran kung saan kami maaaring kumain ng hapunan.

as
as
[pang-abay]

to the same extent or degree, used in comparisons to show equality or intensity

kasing

kasing

Ex: She can run as quickly as her brother. 

Maaari siyang tumakbo kasing bilis ng kanyang kapatid na lalaki.

highly
highly
[pang-abay]

in a favorable or approving manner

lubos, talaga

lubos, talaga

Ex: He was highly regarded by his peers for his honesty and leadership. 

Siya ay mataas na iginagalang ng kanyang mga kapantay dahil sa kanyang katapatan at pamumuno.

construction
construction
[Pangngalan]

the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought

pagbuo, konstruksyon

pagbuo, konstruksyon

Ex: The theory depends on the construction of a clear conceptual model. 
canoe
canoe
[Pangngalan]

a narrow boat that is light and has pointed ends, which can be moved using paddles

kano, bangka

kano, bangka

Ex: They paddled their canoe along the tranquil river, enjoying the peaceful surroundings. 

Naggaod sila ng kanilang canoe kasabay ng tahimik na ilog, tinatangkilik ang payapang kapaligiran.

thus
thus
[pang-abay]

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

kaya, samakatuwid

kaya, samakatuwid

Ex: The new software significantly improved efficiency; thus, the company experienced a notable increase in productivity. 
to maintain
to maintain
[Pandiwa]

to make something stay in the same state or condition

panatilihin, ingatan

panatilihin, ingatan

Ex: The janitor regularly maintains cleanliness in the office by cleaning and organizing. 

Regular na pinapanatili ng janitor ang kalinisan sa opisina sa pamamagitan ng paglilinis at pag-aayos.

connection
connection
[Pangngalan]

a means of transportation that is used by a passenger after getting off a previous one to continue their journey

koneksyon,  pagkakakonekta

koneksyon, pagkakakonekta

Ex: We have a train connection in Chicago. 
neighboring
neighboring
[pang-uri]

(of a place) close to another

kalapit, katabi

kalapit, katabi

Ex: The neighboring countries of Canada and the United States share the longest undefended border in the world. 

Ang mga karatig na bansa ng Canada at Estados Unidos ay nagbabahagi ng pinakamahabang hindi nagtatanggol na hangganan sa mundo.

layer
layer
[Pangngalan]

a level or tier within a complex system, idea, or structure, often imagined as having depth or hierarchy

layer, antas

layer, antas

Ex: The joke worked on multiple layers, superficial humor and sharp satire. 
record
record
[Pangngalan]

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

rekord, arkibo

rekord, arkibo

Ex: The birth certificate is an official record of one's birth date and place. 
to date back
to date back
[Pandiwa]

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

Ex: The ancient ruins in the valley date back to the time of the Roman Empire. 

Ang sinaunang mga guho sa lambak ay nagmula pa noong panahon ng Imperyong Romano.

impenetrable
impenetrable
[pang-uri]

not capable of being entered, pierced, or passed through

hindi mapenetra, hindi malampasan

hindi mapenetra, hindi malampasan

Ex: The thick fog made the forest impenetrable, obscuring visibility. 

Ang makapal na ulap ay ginawang hindi mapasok ang kagubatan, na nagpapalabo sa kakayahang makakita.

encompassing
encompassing
[pang-uri]

including or covering a wide range or scope

saklaw, komprehensibo

saklaw, komprehensibo

Ex: The university's curriculum was designed to offer an encompassing education, covering various disciplines to provide students with a well-rounded knowledge base. 

Ang kurikulum ng unibersidad ay dinisenyo upang mag-alok ng isang masaklaw na edukasyon, na sumasaklaw sa iba't ibang disiplina upang bigyan ang mga mag-aaral ng isang balanseng base ng kaalaman.

recent
recent
[pang-uri]

having happened, started, or been done only a short time ago

kamakailan, bago

kamakailan, bago

Ex: I watched their recent match and they played very well. 
ice age
ice age
[Pangngalan]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 

Noong huling panahon ng yelo, malawak na mga glacier ang sumakop sa malaking bahagi ng Hilagang Amerika at Europa.

significantly
significantly
[pang-abay]

in a way that carries particular importance or meaning, often in relation to the context

makabuluhan, sa isang makabuluhang paraan

makabuluhan, sa isang makabuluhang paraan

Ex: Significantly, she left out the most important detail in her account. 

Makabuluhan, iniwan niya ang pinakamahalagang detalye sa kanyang salaysay.

no doubt
no doubt
[pang-abay]

used to say that something is likely to happen or is true

walang duda, tiyak

walang duda, tiyak

Ex: The quality of her work was excellent, there's no doubt about it. 

Ang kalidad ng kanyang trabaho ay mahusay, walang duda tungkol dito.

thick
thick
[pang-uri]

(of plants) existing and growing densely close together with little space in between, creating a lush and impenetrable area

makapal, siksik

makapal, siksik

Ex: The explorers got lost in the thick forest, unable to find their way out. 
according to
according to
[Preposisyon]

in regard to what someone has said or written

ayon sa, sang-ayon sa

ayon sa, sang-ayon sa

Ex: The book, according to the author, offers a unique perspective on the subject. 

Ang libro, ayon sa may-akda, ay nag-aalok ng isang natatanging pananaw sa paksa.

coincidence
coincidence
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which two things happen simultaneously by chance that is considered unusual

pagkakataon

pagkakataon

Ex: It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same outfit to the party. 

Isang kakaibang coincidence na pareho silang suot sa party.

to craft
to craft
[Pandiwa]

to make or create something with skill and careful attention

lumikha, gumawa

lumikha, gumawa

Ex: Emma crafted the bowl from a single piece of wood. 
rather than
rather than
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate a preference between two alternatives, often suggesting one option is chosen over the other

sa halip na

sa halip na

Ex: I'll use the stairs rather than taking the elevator to get some exercise. 

Gagamitin ko ang hagdan sa halip na sumakay ng elevator para makapag-ehersisyo.

seashell
seashell
[Pangngalan]

the hard empty outer body of an oyster, clam, etc., often found on a shore

kabibe, shell ng dagat

kabibe, shell ng dagat

in response to
in response to
[Preposisyon]

as a reaction or answer to something

bilang tugon sa, bilang reaksyon sa

bilang tugon sa, bilang reaksyon sa

Ex: In response to customer feedback, the company is launching a new and improved product. 

Bilang tugon sa feedback ng mga customer, inilulunsad ng kumpanya ang isang bagong at pinahusay na produkto.

heavy-duty
heavy-duty
[pang-uri]

exceptionally strong and durable

matibay, malakas

matibay, malakas

Ex: The heavy-duty machinery was capable of handling the most challenging construction tasks without malfunctioning. 

Ang mabigat na tungkulin na makinarya ay kayang hawakan ang pinaka-mahihirap na gawain sa konstruksyon nang walang pagkasira.

modification
modification
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of changing something, usually slightly

pagbabago,  modipikasyon

pagbabago, modipikasyon

Ex: The design requires a few minor modifications before production begins. 
increasingly
increasingly
[pang-abay]

in a manner that is gradually growing in degree, extent, or frequency over time

lalong

lalong

Ex: The company is increasingly investing in sustainable practices. 

Ang kumpanya ay lalong namumuhunan sa mga sustainable na kasanayan.

while
while
[Pang-ugnay]

despite the fact that; even though

kahit na, bagaman

kahit na, bagaman

Ex: While the weather was unfavorable, they went ahead with the outdoor event. 

Habang hindi kanais-nais ang panahon, nagpatuloy sila sa outdoor na event.

shell
shell
[Pangngalan]

the hard protective case or covering of some animals such as a snail, mussel, crab, or turtle

kabibe, balat

kabibe, balat

Ex: The turtle pulled its head back into its shell. 
edge
edge
[Pangngalan]

a sharp side formed by the intersection of two surfaces of an object

gilid, talim

gilid, talim

Ex: Be careful with the sharp edge of the knife. 
to unearth
to unearth
[Pandiwa]

to dig the ground and discover something

hukayin, tuklasin

hukayin, tuklasin

Ex: Archaeologists unearthed ancient pottery during the excavation. 

Nahukay ng mga arkeologo ang sinaunang palayok sa panahon ng paghuhukay.

mainly
mainly
[pang-abay]

more than any other thing

pangunahin, lalo na

pangunahin, lalo na

Ex: The event was mainly attended by professionals from the tech industry. 

Ang kaganapan ay pangunahing dinaluhan ng mga propesyonal mula sa tech industry.

opossum
opossum
[Pangngalan]

a small nocturnal marsupial with a long tail that lives in trees and is found in the western hemisphere

opossum, marsupyal

opossum, marsupyal

Ex: An opossum wandered into the backyard after dark. 
creature
creature
[Pangngalan]

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

nilalang, bagay na may buhay

nilalang, bagay na may buhay

Ex: The night came alive with the sounds of nocturnal creatures like owls, bats, and frogs, signaling the start of their active period. 
patch
patch
[Pangngalan]

a small area of land used for growing a particular crop or type of plant

plot,  halamanan

plot, halamanan

Ex: Emma grows tomatoes in a small vegetable patch. 
to clear
to clear
[Pandiwa]

to create a path or open space by removing obstacles or objects in the way

linisin, alisan

linisin, alisan

Ex: The snowplow came to clear a path for the cars after the storm. 
to grind
to grind
[Pandiwa]

to wear down or shape something through repetitive friction or abrasion

giling, hasaan

giling, hasaan

Ex: The metalworker meticulously ground the metal rod to achieve a smooth and precise finish. 
Rothschild's cuscus

a rare, tree-living animal with thick fur and a long tail, found only in a small part of Indonesia, known for moving slowly and living alone in the forest

ang cuscus ni Rothschild, ang possum ni Rothschild

ang cuscus ni Rothschild, ang possum ni Rothschild

Ex: The Rothschild's cuscus lives in Indonesian forests. 

Ang Rothschild's cuscus ay nabubuhay sa mga kagubatan ng Indonesia.

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