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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademicki - Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 2 (1)

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
implication
implication
[Rzeczownik]

a possible consequence that something can bring about

implikacja,  konsekwencja

implikacja, konsekwencja

Ex: His decision to cut costs has serious implications for employee morale. 
pacifier
pacifier
[Rzeczownik]

a rubber or silicone nipple-shaped device designed to be sucked on by infants

smoczek, dummy

smoczek, dummy

Ex: The baby was immediately calmed when given a pacifier. 
toddler
toddler
[Rzeczownik]

a young child who is starting to learn how to walk

maluch, dziecko zaczynające chodzić

maluch, dziecko zaczynające chodzić

Ex: The toddler took his first steps, much to the delight of his parents. 
to hunch over
to hunch over
[Czasownik]

round one's back by bending forward and drawing the shoulders forward

garbić się, pochylać się

garbić się, pochylać się

to skim
to skim
[Czasownik]

to quickly read through a text, focusing on key information and main points rather than delving into details

przeglądać, czytać pobieżnie

przeglądać, czytać pobieżnie

Ex: With limited time before the exam, she decided to skim the textbook to grasp the essential concepts. 
feed
feed
[Rzeczownik]

a personalized and constantly updated stream of content from accounts that a user follows, allowing them to view and engage with the latest posts, photos, and videos in a central place

kanał, strumień

kanał, strumień

unbeknown
unbeknown
[przymiotnik]

(usually used with `to') occurring or existing without the knowledge of

nieznany, nieświadomy

nieznany, nieświadomy

to link
to link
[Czasownik]

to establish a relationship or association between two things

łączyć, wiązać

łączyć, wiązać

Ex: The researcher aims to link genetic factors with susceptibility to certain diseases. 
neuronal
neuronal
[przymiotnik]

of or relating to neurons

neuronowy,  dotyczący neuronów

neuronowy, dotyczący neuronów

to underlie
to underlie
[Czasownik]

to serve as the foundation or primary cause for something

leżeć u podstaw, być podstawową przyczyną

leżeć u podstaw, być podstawową przyczyną

Ex: Cultural traditions underlie many of the festivals and celebrations we see around the world. 
subtly
subtly
[przysłówek]

in a way that is faint, delicate, or so slight that it is hard to notice, explain, or define

subtelnie, z subtelnością

subtelnie, z subtelnością

Ex: The lighting subtly changes as the mood of the play evolves. 
neuroscience
neuroscience
[Rzeczownik]

the scientific study of the nervous system

neuronauka

neuronauka

to indicate
to indicate
[Czasownik]

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

wskazywać, pokazywać

wskazywać, pokazywać

Ex: The thermometer indicates that the temperature is rising. 
acquisition
acquisition
[Rzeczownik]

the mental activity involved in learning or internalizing information

przyswojenie, nabywanie

przyswojenie, nabywanie

Ex: Researchers study the acquisition of memory in young children. 
literacy
literacy
[Rzeczownik]

the capability to read and write

alfabetyzacja, umiejętność czytania i pisania

alfabetyzacja, umiejętność czytania i pisania

Ex: The school’s new program focuses on enhancing early childhood literacy. 
to necessitate
to necessitate
[Czasownik]

to make something required due to specific circumstances

wymagać, czynić koniecznym

wymagać, czynić koniecznym

Ex: The company's expansion necessitated hiring more staff to meet growing demand. 
to evolve
to evolve
[Czasownik]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

ewoluować, rozwijać się

ewoluować, rozwijać się

Ex: Over millions of years, horses have evolved from small, multi-toed ancestors to the single-toed, large-bodied animals we see today. 
to decode
to decode
[Czasownik]

to figure out or understand something that is confusing or difficult to understand

rozszyfrować, zrozumieć

rozszyfrować, zrozumieć

Ex: It took me a while to decode the complex scientific article, but eventually, I understood the key concepts. 
herd
herd
[Rzeczownik]

a group of animals, such as cows, sheep, etc. that are from the same species, which move and feed together

stado, trzoda

stado, trzoda

Ex: The herd of cows grazed peacefully in the meadow. 
elaborated
elaborated
[przymiotnik]

made more detailed and comprehensive, often by adding additional information or complexity

rozwinięty, szczegółowy

rozwinięty, szczegółowy

Ex: The architect presented an elaborated design plan, including detailed blueprints and 3D models of the building. 
to depict
to depict
[Czasownik]

to describe a specific subject, scene, person, etc.

przedstawiać,  opisywać

przedstawiać, opisywać

Ex: The artist’s work often depicts scenes from daily life in a vibrant style. 
to enable
to enable
[Czasownik]

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

umożliwiać, upoważniać

umożliwiać, upoważniać

Ex: Technology enables us to communicate instantly across the globe. 
development
development
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) the natural process of an organism growing and changing from a simple form to a more complex one

rozwój, wzrost

rozwój, wzrost

Ex: The development of a butterfly from a caterpillar happens through several stages. 
intellectual
intellectual
[przymiotnik]

relating to or involving the use of reasoning and understanding capacity

intelektualny, umysłowy

intelektualny, umysłowy

Ex: She enjoys engaging in intellectual debates with her colleagues. 
affective
affective
[przymiotnik]

characterized by emotion

afektywny, emocjonalny

afektywny, emocjonalny

to internalize
to internalize
[Czasownik]

to incorporate or integrate information, beliefs, or values into one's own understanding or mindset

internalizować, przyswajać

internalizować, przyswajać

Ex: As part of the training program, employees were encouraged to internalize the company's core values to create a positive work environment. 
analogical
analogical
[przymiotnik]

expressing, composed of, or based on an analogy

analogiczny, na podstawie analogii

analogiczny, na podstawie analogii

reasoning
reasoning
[Rzeczownik]

the act of rational and logical thinking about something

rozumowanie, logika

rozumowanie, logika

Ex: The scientist's reasoning behind the experiment was sound, leading to groundbreaking results. 
inference
inference
[Rzeczownik]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

wniosek, wywód

wniosek, wywód

Ex: The detective made a crucial inference about the suspect's alibi based on the new evidence. 
perspective
perspective
[Rzeczownik]

a specific manner of considering something

punkt widzenia, perspektywa

punkt widzenia, perspektywa

Ex: From a historical perspective, the Renaissance marked a period of great cultural advancement. 
empathy
empathy
[Rzeczownik]

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person

empatia, współczucie

empatia, współczucie

Ex: She showed great empathy toward her friend during the difficult time. 
critical
critical
[przymiotnik]

providing knowledgeable judgments and opinions about the positive and negative aspects of something

krytyczny, analityczny

krytyczny, analityczny

Ex: The critical analysis of the data revealed important trends and patterns. 
generation
generation
[Rzeczownik]

the process of causing something to exist or appear

wytwarzanie, generowanie

wytwarzanie, generowanie

Ex: The invention led to the generation of new opportunities. 
insight
insight
[Rzeczownik]

a penetrating and profound understanding that goes beyond surface-level observations or knowledge

wnikliwość, zrozumienie

wnikliwość, zrozumienie

Ex: Years of study and contemplation yielded profound insights into the nature of existence. 
to surface
to surface
[Czasownik]

to become apparent or come into view, often after being hidden or unnoticed

pojawiać się, ujawniać się

pojawiać się, ujawniać się

Ex: Despite trying to hide his feelings, a flicker of sadness surfaced in his eyes. 
to caution
to caution
[Czasownik]

to warn someone of something that could be difficult or dangerous

ostrzegać, przestrzegać

ostrzegać, przestrzegać

Ex: The doctor cautioned the patient about the potential side effects of the medication. 
based
based
[przymiotnik]

indicating the main part, material, or feature of something

oparty na, bazujący na

oparty na, bazujący na

Ex: The restaurant serves many rice-based dishes. 
mode
mode
[Rzeczownik]

a particular method or way in which something is done or occurs

tryb, metoda

tryb, metoda

Ex: The system has a manual mode for advanced users. 
binary
binary
[przymiotnik]

pertaining to or involving of two distinct elements or parts

binarny, podwójny

binarny, podwójny

Ex: Binary thinking can oversimplify complex issues by reducing them to two opposing positions. 
print
print
[Rzeczownik]

the text or type that appears in books, newspapers, or other printed material

czcionka, drukowany tekst

czcionka, drukowany tekst

Ex: The print in this edition is unusually small. 
versus
versus
[Przyimek]

used to compare or to show contrast between two choices, decisions, etc.

przeciwko

przeciwko

Ex: Cats versus dogs: which pet is more popular in the world? 
innovation
innovation
[Rzeczownik]

the act or process of introducing something new

innowacja, nowatorstwo

innowacja, nowatorstwo

Ex: The innovation of online banking changed how people manage money. 
scholar
scholar
[Rzeczownik]

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

uczony, erudyta

uczony, erudyta

Ex: The conference featured a renowned scholar who spoke about ancient Greek philosophy. 
to err
to err
[Czasownik]

to be at fault or make mistakes, especially in one's thinking, judgment, or actions

błądzić, popełniać błąd

błądzić, popełniać błąd

Ex: While erring occasionally is forgivable, persistent or consequential erring may require accountability. 
to disrupt
to disrupt
[Czasownik]

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

zakłócać, przerywać

zakłócać, przerywać

Ex: The loud noise from the construction site disrupted their afternoon nap. 
to diminish
to diminish
[Czasownik]

to lessen the perceived value, significance, or importance of someone or something

zmniejszać, umniejszać

zmniejszać, umniejszać

Ex: The company's unethical practices have diminished its reputation in the industry and among consumers. 
hinge
hinge
[Rzeczownik]

an important or crucial factor that determines what happens next or how things will turn out

oś, kluczowy czynnik

oś, kluczowy czynnik

Ex: The story's plot hinges on a crucial event that changes everything for the protagonist. 
to confront
to confront
[Czasownik]

to face or deal with a problem or difficult situation directly

konfrontować, stawiać czoła

konfrontować, stawiać czoła

Ex: The manager decided to confront the team's productivity issues and implement new strategies. 
blueprint
blueprint
[Rzeczownik]

a detailed plan or strategy designed to achieve a particular goal

plan główny, szczegółowa strategia

plan główny, szczegółowa strategia

Ex: Her blueprint for success included daily goal-setting. 
to adapt
to adapt
[Czasownik]

to change something in a way that suits a new purpose or situation better

dostosować, adaptować

dostosować, adaptować

Ex: The company had to adapt its marketing strategy to reach a global audience. 
characteristic
characteristic
[Rzeczownik]

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

cecha, charakterystyka

cecha, charakterystyka

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 
medium
medium
[Rzeczownik]

a means that is used for the purpose of communicating or expressing something

środek, nośnik

środek, nośnik

Ex: Art is a powerful medium for expressing emotions. 
dominant
dominant
[przymiotnik]

having superiority in power, influence, or importance

dominujący, przeważający

dominujący, przeważający

Ex: The lion is the dominant predator in its ecosystem, ruling over other animals. 
to allocate
to allocate
[Czasownik]

to distribute or assign resources, funds, or tasks for a particular purpose

przydzielać, rozdzielać

przydzielać, rozdzielać

Ex: The manager decided to allocate more budget to marketing for increased brand visibility. 
demanding
demanding
[przymiotnik]

(of a task) needing great effort, skill, etc.

wymagający, trudny

wymagający, trudny

Ex: His job as a project manager is demanding, requiring him to juggle multiple tasks and deadlines. 
deep
deep
[przymiotnik]

complex and challenging to fully comprehend

głęboki, złożony

głęboki, złożony

Ex: The philosopher's lecture was filled with deep concepts that left the audience pondering. 
educator
educator
[Rzeczownik]

someone whose job is to teach people

edukator, nauczyciel

edukator, nauczyciel

Ex: As an educator, she believes in fostering creativity and critical thinking in her students. 
humanities
humanities
[Rzeczownik]

studies that deal with people and their behavior such as language, philosophy, history, etc.

humanistyka, nauki humanistyczne

humanistyka, nauki humanistyczne

Ex: She decided to major in humanities to explore her interests in literature, history, and philosophy. 
to bear out
to bear out
[Czasownik]

to confirm a statement or claim by providing evidence

potwierdzać, uzasadniać

potwierdzać, uzasadniać

Ex: The data bears out the validity of the hypothesis. 
actively
actively
[przysłówek]

in a way that involves effort and participation rather than being passive

aktywnie, z zaangażowaniem

aktywnie, z zaangażowaniem

Ex: The company is actively hiring new staff in all departments. 
dense
dense
[przymiotnik]

(of a text) hard to understand due to complexity or being packed with ideas

gęsty, skomplikowany

gęsty, skomplikowany

Ex: The book was so dense that I had to read it twice. 
to concern
to concern
[Czasownik]

to cause someone to worry

niepokoić, martwić

niepokoić, martwić

Ex: The decline in his health concerned his family, prompting them to seek medical advice. 
cognitive
cognitive
[przymiotnik]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

poznawczy, umysłowy

poznawczy, umysłowy

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 
inability
inability
[Rzeczownik]

lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something

niezdolność,  nieumiejętność

niezdolność, nieumiejętność

sufficient
sufficient
[przymiotnik]

having enough of something to meet a particular need or requirement

wystarczający, odpowiedni

wystarczający, odpowiedni

Ex: He had saved a sufficient amount of money to purchase the new computer. 
complexity
complexity
[Rzeczownik]

the quality of being intricate and compounded

złożoność, skomplikowanie

złożoność, skomplikowanie

troubling
troubling
[przymiotnik]

making one feel worried, upset, or uneasy about something

niepokojący, zatrważający

niepokojący, zatrważający

Ex: The troubling news of the increase in crime rates alarmed the community. 
downstream
downstream
[przymiotnik]

happening later in a process or sequence, often with an impact on subsequent stages

dolny bieg, następny

dolny bieg, następny

Ex: The downstream effects of the policy were not immediately clear. 
comprehension
comprehension
[Rzeczownik]

the capacity to understand something

zrozumienie, pojmowanie

zrozumienie, pojmowanie

Ex: His comprehension of the complex theory impressed the professor. 
material
material
[Rzeczownik]

data and information that can be gathered to form a research

materiał, dane

materiał, dane

Ex: The scientist compiled all relevant material for her groundbreaking study. 
game-changing
game-changing
[przymiotnik]

having a big effect that changes the usual way something works or is done

rewolucyjny, zmieniający zasady gry

rewolucyjny, zmieniający zasady gry

Ex: The new drug is a game-changing treatment for the disease. 
flotilla
flotilla
[Rzeczownik]

a large group or collection of things

flotylla, armada

flotylla, armada

Ex: She had a flotilla of shopping bags in her hands. 
oriented
oriented
[przymiotnik]

adjusted or located in relation to surroundings or circumstances; sometimes used in combination

zorientowany, dostosowany

zorientowany, dostosowany

circuit
circuit
[Rzeczownik]

a pathway made of connected brain cells through which electrical and chemical signals move to help the brain do certain tasks

obwód, sieć

obwód, sieć

Ex: The brain's memory circuit helps store and recall information. 
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