Cambridge IELTS 17 - Học thuật - Bài kiểm tra 1 - Đọc hiểu - Đoạn 1
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Đố vui
a system or network of tracks with the trains, organization, and people needed to operate them

đường sắt, hệ thống đường sắt
causing great surprise or amazement due to being impressive, unexpected, or remarkable

đáng ngạc nhiên, kinh ngạc
an individual who displays their disagreement with something or someone

người phản đối, người chống đối
to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

tranh luận, biện luận
(of a place) filled with many people, vehicles, or objects, leading to difficulties in movement

tắc nghẽn, đông đúc
an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

sự mở rộng, sự phát triển
to be constructed from or made up of certain things or people

bao gồm, được tạo thành từ
(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

quá đông đúc, chật ních
(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

khu ổ chuột, khu nhà ổ chuột
pulled or powered by a horse or horses

kéo bằng ngựa, do ngựa kéo
a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

xe ngựa, xe kéo
indicating a large number of something

nhiều, vô số
to formally suggest or introduce a motion, idea, or action for consideration and discussion by a legislature

đề xuất, đưa ra
to find a way to solve a disagreement or issue

giải quyết, hòa giải
giving opinions loudly or freely

phát biểu, biểu cảm
someone who actively supports, promotes, or defends a particular cause or viewpoint, often through public speaking, writing, or activism

người bảo vệ, người ủng hộ
(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

luật sư tư vấn, luật sư
to move to a new place or position

di chuyển, tái định cư
an area close to the center of a city that usually suffers from economic problems

khu vực nội thành, trung tâm thành phố có vấn đề kinh tế
to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

xây dựng, dựng lên
to obtain or achieve something that is needed or desired

đạt được, thu được
to formally present something, such as a proposal or document, to someone in authority for review or decision

nộp, trình
to occur at the same time as something else

trùng hợp, xảy ra cùng lúc
to combine and create one whole

hợp nhất, sáp nhập
relating to a large city or urban area

đô thị, thuộc thành phố lớn
to assemble money or resources, particularly in order to achieve or create something

quyên góp, tập hợp
the financial resources that are provided to make a particular project or initiative possible

tài trợ
(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

căn bản, cách mạng
noting or highlighting mistakes or imperfections

phê bình, nghiêm khắc
(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

sụp đổ, đổ sập
to have a harmful or destructive effect on someone or something

đầu độc, làm hỏng
to continue a course of action with determination, even when faced with challenges or discouragement

kiên trì, bền bỉ
to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant

giảm thiểu, tối thiểu hóa
to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

phá hủy, đập bỏ
to set a specific time to do something or make an event happen

lên lịch, sắp xếp thời gian
a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

hào, rãnh
a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building

dầm, xà ngang
a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings

vòm, khung vòm
an addition that extends a main building

phần mở rộng, sự mở rộng
to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

ủy quyền, phê chuẩn
brick made of fire clay; used for lining e.g. furnaces and chimneys

gạch chịu lửa, gạch lò
a closed vessel in which water is heated to create steam or hot water, used for heating buildings, producing electricity, or powering machines

nồi hơi, máy phát hơi nước
a large, typically metallic container designed for storing gases or liquids

bể chứa, thùng
to cause a substance to change from a gas or vapor to a liquid state

ngưng tụ
smoke or gas that has a sharp smell or is harmful if inhaled

khói, hơi
a shaft in a building; serves as an air passage for ventilation

trục thông gió, ống thông gió
a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

chu trình, hành trình
a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

tắc nghẽn, ùn tắc
to stretch out or expand over a distance

kéo dài, mở rộng
any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

lựa chọn thay thế, phương án
restricted or limited in space, area, or movement

bị giới hạn, bị hạn chế
able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

đáng tin cậy, chắc chắn
a way, system, object, etc. through which one can achieve a goal or accomplish a task

phương tiện, công cụ
a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

máy phát điện, máy phát
a railway that operates underground, typically in a city

tàu điện ngầm, Tàu điện ngầm
buildings in which people live, including their condition, prices, or types

nhà ở, chỗ ở
at the starting point of a process or situation

ban đầu, lúc đầu
to demolish a structure or building, typically by pulling it apart or taking it down piece by piece

phá hủy, dỡ bỏ
an official group created by a government to deeply study a serious issue and give advice or suggestions for solving it

ủy ban hoàng gia, cuộc điều tra hoàng gia
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