Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1
Learn vocabulary from Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 1, and review useful words and expressions from this reading text.
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a system or network of tracks with the trains, organization, and people needed to operate them
causing great surprise or amazement due to being impressive, unexpected, or remarkable
the relative speed or pace of progress, growth, or decline
to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right
(of a place) filled with many people, vehicles, or objects, leading to difficulties in movement
an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something
to be constructed from or made up of certain things or people
(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space
(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition
pulled or powered by a horse or horses
a wheeled vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horses and carries people
indicating a large number of something
an organized and carefully planned course of action
to formally suggest or introduce a motion, idea, or action for consideration and discussion by a legislature
to find a way to solve a disagreement or issue
giving opinions loudly or freely
a person who publicly supports, promotes, or defends a particular cause, idea, or group
(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law
to move to a new place or position
an area close to the center of a city that usually suffers from economic problems
to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.
to obtain or achieve something that is needed or desired
to formally present something, such as a proposal or document, to someone in authority for review or decision
to happen at the same time or at nearly the same time as something else
something suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption
to combine or cause two or more things to combine into a single whole
relating to a large city and the surrounding urban area
to assemble money or resources, particularly in order to achieve or create something
the financial resources that are provided to make a particular project or initiative possible
(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm
noting or highlighting mistakes or imperfections
(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak
to have a seriously harmful or damaging effect on someone or something
a substance, gas, particle, or form of energy that has been released from a source
to continue doing something firmly despite difficulty, opposition, or discouragement
to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant
to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure
to set a specific time to do something or make an event happen
any long, narrow excavation or ditch in the ground, regardless of purpose
a substantial piece of wood used upright as a post, support, or structural member
a long, thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete used to support weight in a building or structure
a curved structure supported at both sides that spans an opening and often supports weight above it
the state of being in effect or being operative
an addition that increases the size of a building
to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.
a closed vessel in which water is heated to create steam or hot water, used for heating buildings, producing electricity, or powering machines
a large, typically metallic container designed for storing gases or liquids
to cause a substance to change from a gas or vapor to a liquid state
smoke or gas that has a sharp smell or is harmful if inhaled
the act of expanding in scope, range, or availability
a route or journey that goes all the way around a particular place or area
a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road
to stretch out or expand over a distance
any of the available possibilities that one can choose from
restricted or limited in space, area, or movement
able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations
a way, system, object, etc. through which one can achieve a goal or accomplish a task
a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
the track or route along which a train travels
one of the sections of a train in which passengers travel
an underground railway system, especially the London Underground
buildings in which people live, including their condition, prices, or types
at the starting point of a process or situation
to demolish a structure or building, typically by pulling it apart or taking it down piece by piece
an official group created by a government to deeply study a serious issue and give advice or suggestions for solving it
