Contain vs. Include

These verbs are synonyms but one of them is used in a wider scope. Follow the lesson to find out about their difference.

What is the difference between 'contain' and 'include'?

Both 'contain' and 'include' refer to the relationship between two things where one is part of the other. However, 'contain' can also refer to a relationship where one thing is inside another. This lesson will further clarify this difference between the two verbs.

Difference in Scope

'Include' means to have something as part of a whole or to incorporate it within a larger group, category, or set. When an entity 'includes' something, it has that thing as a constituent or component of itself. 'Contain' also means to have something as a part of a larger whole, but it can also mean to have or hold something within a defined or enclosed space or boundary. In this sense, it emphasizes that the item or element is enclosed or restricted within a specific boundary or space. Accordingly, 'contain' has a wider scope and can express a broader range of meanings compared to 'include'. Take a look at the examples:

The package includes a set of tools and instructional materials.

The document includes sensitive information on the financial status of the company.

The document contains sensitive information on the financial status of the company.

Here, 'contain' means the information is part of the document.

The box contains various items of jewelry.

Here, 'contain' refers to an enclosed space that holds something within.

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