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The Indicative Mood in Spanish

The indicative mood expresses real or certain actions. Example: I work, I ate.

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Intermediate

pattern

pattern

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Present Tense in Spanish

Present Tense

Presente

Present tense expresses current, habitual, or general actions. Example: vivo en Madrid, estudio todos los días.

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Simple Past in Spanish

Simple Past

Pretérito perfecto simple

Simple past describes completed actions at a definite past time. Example: comí, viajamos, escribieron.

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Imperfect Past in Spanish

Imperfect Past

Pretérito imperfecto

Imperfect past expresses ongoing or habitual past actions. Example: jugaba, vivíamos, hablaban.

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Simple Future in Spanish

Simple Future

Futuro simple

Simple future indicates future actions or assumptions. Example: estudiaré, saldrán, será.

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Present Progressive

Presente progresivo

Present progressive shows actions happening right now. It is formed with "estar" + present participle.

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Past Progressive

Imperfecto progresivo

Past progressive expresses actions ongoing at a past time. Example: estaba leyendo, estaban jugando.

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Informal future

Futuro perifrástico

Informal future expresses a near future action using "ir a" + infinitive. Example: voy a viajar.

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Simple Conditional

Condicional simple

Simple conditional expresses hypotheses, wishes, or politeness. Example: me gustaría, viajaría, comerías.

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Present Perfect

Pretérito perfecto compuesto

Present perfect links past actions to the present. Example: he visto, hemos comido.

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Past Perfect

Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

Past perfect shows an action completed before another past event. Example: había llegado antes.

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Future Perfect

Futuro perfecto

Future perfect expresses an action that will be finished in the future. Example: habré terminado.

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