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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Finance a Cennosti

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
alms
alms
[Podstatné jméno]

money, food, or other donations given to the poor or needy as an act of charity

almužna, milosrdenství

almužna, milosrdenství

Ex: The kind-hearted woman regularly gave alms to the homeless in her neighborhood. 
annuity
annuity
[Podstatné jméno]

a fixed stream of payments made at regular intervals, typically derived from a capital investment or insurance contract

důchod, anuita

důchod, anuita

Ex: She receives a monthly annuity from her retirement fund. 
in arrears
in arrears
[fráze]

in debt and late in paying it

Ex: The tenant was two months in arrears on his rent payments. 
bullion
bullion
[Podstatné jméno]

gold or silver cast into bars or ingots, valued by weight rather than face value

cihla, zlatá nebo stříbrná cihla

cihla, zlatá nebo stříbrná cihla

Ex: The vault was stacked with gold bullion ready for transport. 
bauble
bauble
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, flashy piece of jewelry or decoration that is inexpensive and ornamental

šperk, ozdoba

šperk, ozdoba

Ex: She wore glittering baubles that caught the light. 
impecunious
impecunious
[Přídavné jméno]

severely lacking money

chudý, bez peněz

chudý, bez peněz

Ex: As a student, he led an impecunious existence, relying on part-time jobs to make ends meet. 
indigence
indigence
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of extreme poverty in which a person lacks the basic necessities of life

bída

bída

Ex: The charity was founded to alleviate indigence in rural communities. 
lucre
lucre
[Podstatné jméno]

a term used to refer to cash or money, often with a nuance of being obtained through profit or earnings

kořist, peníze

kořist, peníze

Ex: The entrepreneur was eager to see the lucre flow in from the successful product launch. 
penury
penury
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

bída, chudoba

bída, chudoba

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
reparation
reparation
[Podstatné jméno]

compensation demanded from a defeated nation by the victors, to make amends for war damages or losses

válečné reparace, válečné náhrady

válečné reparace, válečné náhrady

Ex: After World War I, Germany was required to pay heavy reparations under the Treaty of Versailles. 
solvent
solvent
[Přídavné jméno]

having the ability to meet financial obligations and paying debts

solventní, likvidní

solventní, likvidní

Ex: Despite economic challenges, the company remained solvent due to wise financial management. 
usury
usury
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

lichva, půjčování peněz za přemrštěně vysoký úrok

lichva, půjčování peněz za přemrštěně vysoký úrok

Ex: The lender was accused of usury after charging triple-digit interest. 
to ante up
to ante up
[sloveso]

to contribute or pay the required amount in order to settle and clear a debt

zaplatit svůj díl, vytáhnout peníze

zaplatit svůj díl, vytáhnout peníze

Ex: The debtor decided to ante up and pay off the outstanding loan to clear the debt. 
to indemnify
to indemnify
[sloveso]

to repay someone for financial loss, damage, etc. that they have experienced

odškodnit, kompenzovat

odškodnit, kompenzovat

Ex: The employer agreed to indemnify the employee for any work-related injuries covered by the company's insurance. 
to pony up
to pony up
[sloveso]

to pay money owed, such as a bill, debt, or required contribution

zaplatit, vytáhnout peníze

zaplatit, vytáhnout peníze

Ex: He finally ponied up the cash for dinner after some nudging. 
indigent
indigent
[Přídavné jméno]

extremely poor or in need

chudý, nuzný

chudý, nuzný

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
perquisite
perquisite
[Podstatné jméno]

a privilege reserved solely for a specific person or group by virtue of hereditary status, official rank, or institutional authority

privilégium, výsada

privilégium, výsada

Ex: The right to hunt in the royal forest was a perquisite of the nobility. 
privation
privation
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition of severe hardship or poverty

strádání, chudoba

strádání, chudoba

Ex: He grew up in privation, with barely enough to eat. 
to [feather] {one's} (own|) nest

to take advantage of a position to make oneself rich, particularly by using unfair or dishonest methods

namastit si kapsu, obohatit se z funkce

namastit si kapsu, obohatit se z funkce

Ex: The mayor used city contracts to feather his own nest. 
to [tighten] {one's} belt

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

šetřit, omezit výdaje

šetřit, omezit výdaje

Ex: After losing his job, he had to tighten his belt. 
windfall
windfall
[Podstatné jméno]

an unexpected event that brings financial gain or good fortune

neočekávaný zisk, nepředvídané štěstí

neočekávaný zisk, nepředvídané štěstí

Ex: Winning the lottery was a windfall. 
blue chip
blue chip
[Podstatné jméno]

a blue-colored poker chip representing the highest monetary value in a standard set

modrý žeton, vysoce hodnotný žeton

modrý žeton, vysoce hodnotný žeton

Ex: He bet a blue chip, signaling confidence in his hand. 
destitution
destitution
[Podstatné jméno]

extreme poverty and deprivation of basic necessities

bída, chudoba

bída, chudoba

Ex: After the war, many families were left in complete destitution. 
compensatory damages
compensatory damages
[Podstatné jméno]

money awarded to someone who has been harmed, to cover their actual losses or injuries

kompenzační škody, náhradní odškodnění

kompenzační škody, náhradní odškodnění

Ex: The court awarded compensatory damages for medical expenses and lost wages. 
to [bring] home the bacon

to earn enough money to be able to pay for the necessities of life

vydělávat na živobytí, živit rodinu

vydělávat na živobytí, živit rodinu

Ex: After his father retired, he had to bring home the bacon. 
gratuity
gratuity
[Podstatné jméno]

an additional amount of money given to someone for their services

spropitné, odměna

spropitné, odměna

Ex: The waiter received a generous gratuity for providing excellent service throughout the meal. 
largess
largess
[Podstatné jméno]

a sum of money or gift given freely, often as a token of generosity

štědrost, dar

štědrost, dar

Ex: The foundation received a generous largess from an anonymous benefactor. 
pecuniary
pecuniary
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or about money

peněžní, finanční

peněžní, finanční

Ex: The contract outlined the pecuniary benefits offered to the employees. 
to underwrite
to underwrite
[sloveso]

to financially support a project, activity, etc. and take responsibility for potential loss

financovat, ručit

financovat, ručit

Ex: Investors are hesitant to underwrite new tech startups without seeing a prototype first. 
spendthrift
spendthrift
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who is in the habit of spending money in a careless and wasteful way

marnotratník, plýtvač

marnotratník, plýtvač

Ex: The spendthrift lifestyle was unsustainable and eventually caught up with him. 
white elephant
white elephant
[Podstatné jméno]

a possession that is costly to maintain and difficult to dispose of, often more trouble than it is worth

drahá přítěž, bílý slon

drahá přítěž, bílý slon

Ex: The old mansion became a white elephant after the owner could not afford the repairs. 
pittance
pittance
[Podstatné jméno]

a sum of money that is very insufficient

pár haléřů, směšná částka

pár haléřů, směšná částka

Ex: Despite working long hours, he was paid a mere pittance for his efforts. 
to tally up
to tally up
[sloveso]

to count numbers or amounts to get a total

sečíst, počítat

sečíst, počítat

Ex: They tallied the votes up. 
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